Is there a particular experience-type associated with the exercise of agency? This question was subject to lively philosophical debate in nineteenth-century France. William James paid close attention to these debates, and for most of his academic life argued that the answer was "no." However, in this article, I show that a few years before the end of his life, under the influence of the French spiritualist tradition, he changed his mind. I argue that this change led to a global shift in his philosophical thinking. One major consequence of this is that he modified his philosophy so that it allowed a greater role for "objective" reality, and was consequently at less risk of the charge of "solipsism" directed at him by his critics. After this shift, James's philosophy could stand on much firmer ground.

中文翻译：

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论活动的经验：威廉·詹姆斯晚期形而上学与十九世纪法国唯心主义的影响

是否有与代理行使相关的特定经验类型？这个问题在 19 世纪的法国引起了激烈的哲学辩论。威廉·詹姆斯密切关注这些争论，并且在他的大部分学术生涯中都认为答案是否定的。然而，在这篇文章中，我展示了在他生命结束前几年，在法国唯心主义传统的影响下，他改变了主意。我认为这种变化导致了他哲学思想的全球性转变。这样做的一个主要后果是，他修改了自己的哲学，以便让“客观”现实发挥更大的作用，因此受到批评者对他进行“唯我论”指控的风险较小。在这种转变之后，詹姆斯的哲学可以站稳脚跟。