Levee en masse – the spontaneous uprising of the civilian population against an invading force – has long been a part of the modern law of armed conflict with regards to determining who may legitimately participate in armed conflict. The concept originated during the revolutionary wars in America and France, and was incorporated into the first codified rules of armed conflict. However, despite the prevalence of the category of levee en masse in the modern laws of armed conflict, there have been few, if any, instances of levee en masse taking place in modern armed conflicts. This article examines how and why the category of levee en masse developed. In doing so, this paper situates the concept and evolution of levee en masse within the history of international humanitarian law more generally.

中文翻译：

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在武装冲突法中追溯列维人民的历史和法律发展

人民群众自发起义抵抗侵略军一直是现代武装冲突法中确定谁可以合法参加武装冲突的一部分。这个概念起源于美国和法国的革命战争，并被纳入武装冲突的第一个编纂规则。但是，尽管在现代武装冲突法中普遍存在大堤堤防类别，但在现代武装冲突中几乎没有发生过大堤堤堤实例。本文探讨了如何以及为什么开发大堤。在此过程中，本文更普遍地将堤防的概念和演变置于国际人道主义法历史上。