Abstract:This essay describes the naturalistic pantheism of the Free Religious movement as it appeared in the journal Reform, published in Halle between 1846 and 1852. The Free Religious advocated a "transcendental materialism," in which the universe ran not by a deterministic clockwork mechanism, but organically in the same way a tree grows according to particular natural laws. Influenced by Ludwig Feuerbach, David Strauß, and Alexander von Humboldt, the Free Religious went beyond a simple materialism to create a utopian vision of a divine humanity in which Nature itself was divine, both immanent and transcendent, and an object worthy of devotion.

中文翻译：

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德国自由宗教运动中的先验唯物主义：Kirchliche 改革中的科学、自然和神学，1846-52

摘要：这篇文章描述了自由宗教运动的自然主义泛神论，它出现在 1846 年至 1852 年间在哈雷出版的改革杂志上。自由宗教倡导“先验唯物主义”，其中宇宙不是由确定性的发条机制运行的，但就像一棵树按照特定的自然法则生长一样有机地生长。受路德维希·费尔巴哈、大卫·施特劳斯和亚历山大·冯·洪堡的影响，自由宗教超越了简单的唯物主义，创造了一个神圣人性的乌托邦愿景，其中自然本身是神圣的，既是内在的又是超然的，是值得奉献的对象。