point, disease cues can trigger the BIS to generate xenophobic impulses against out-group individuals, who in ancestral environments would have been more likely to host unfamiliar pathogens. Indeed, researchers have successfully triggered animus against exotic ethnic groups in laboratory conditions just by exposing test subjects to images suggestive of disease risk, such as overflowing trash cans. The BIS even helps to explain the apparently selfless behavior that Cohn frequently observes during epidemics, since succouring the sick serves as an honest signal of generosity and community spirit, thus increasing the social reputation of the compassionate. Such studies could have given Cohn the theoretical tools he needed to better navigate the vast sea of data that he has collected on human responses to epidemic disease.

中文翻译：

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寒冷的黄金时代：气候变化、小冰河时代和荷兰共和国，1560-1720 年 作者 Dagomar Degroot

在这一点上，疾病线索可以触发 BIS 对外群个体产生仇外冲动，外群个体在祖先环境中更有可能携带不熟悉的病原体。事实上，研究人员仅通过将测试对象暴露于暗示疾病风险的图像（例如溢出的垃圾桶），就成功地在实验室条件下引发了对异国族群的敌意。BIS 甚至有助于解释科恩在流行病期间经常观察到的明显无私的行为，因为救助病人是慷慨和社区精神的诚实信号，从而提高了富有同情心的社会声誉。这些研究本可以为科恩提供他所需的理论工具，以更好地驾驭他收集的关于人类对流行病的反应的海量数据。