We investigated the content of survey items to assess whether and how racist and sexist stereotypes are woven into the fabric of research on attitudes about abortion in the United States. We collected and analyzed a comprehensive set of survey items (456 items from 80 studies) used in peer-reviewed research published from 2008 to 2018 in representative and nonrepresentative studies of U.S. respondents. Our analysis was guided by historical narratives that have been influential in shaping representations of women and reproduction in the United States (e.g., the Moynihan Report). With this background, we developed three themes pertaining to how individuals’ attitudes about abortion are measured: we found that items rely on (1) moral, (2) sexual, and (3) financial evaluations of women seeking abortion care. These themes highlighted implicit and explicit judgments of women, including representations of them as unwilling to partner with men and as fiscally and sexually irresponsible. We argue that survey items meant to objectively assess abortion attitudes draw on negative racial and gender stereotypes and that these stereotypes then travel widely under the veneer of scientific objectivity. Critical methods, such as the item bank analysis described in this study, are crucial to discern how inequality, prejudice, and discrimination can be reproduced in the

中文翻译：

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在研究结构中：评估堕胎态度的调查项目中的种族和性别刻板印象

我们调查了调查项目的内容，以评估种族主义和性别歧视的刻板印象是否以及如何融入美国对堕胎态度的研究结构中。我们收集并分析了 2008 年至 2018 年发表的同行评审研究中使用的一组综合调查项目（80 项研究中的 456 项），这些调查项目在美国受访者的代表性和非代表性研究中使用。我们的分析以历史叙述为指导，这些叙述对塑造美国女性和生殖的表征具有影响力（例如，Moynihan 报告）。在这种背景下，我们开发了三个关于如何衡量个人对堕胎的态度的主题：我们发现这些项目依赖于 (1) 道德、(2) 性和 (3) 寻求堕胎护理的女性的财务评估。这些主题突出了对女性的隐性和明确判断，包括将她们描述为不愿意与男性合作以及在财政和性方面不负责任。我们认为，旨在客观评估堕胎态度的调查项目利用了负面的种族和性别刻板印象，然后这些刻板印象在科学客观性的伪装下广泛传播。关键方法，例如本研究中描述的项目库分析，对于辨别不平等、偏见和歧视如何在 我们认为，旨在客观评估堕胎态度的调查项目利用了负面的种族和性别刻板印象，然后这些刻板印象在科学客观性的伪装下广泛传播。关键方法，例如本研究中描述的项目库分析，对于辨别不平等、偏见和歧视如何在 我们认为，旨在客观评估堕胎态度的调查项目利用了负面的种族和性别刻板印象，然后这些刻板印象在科学客观性的伪装下广泛传播。关键方法，例如本研究中描述的项目库分析，对于辨别不平等、偏见和歧视如何在