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Smell in Polish: Lexical Semantics and Cultural Values
Journal of Slavic Linguistics ( IF 0.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/jsl.2016.0012
Katarzyna Dziwirek

Abstract: Verbs of perception have been typically classified into three semantic groups. Gisborne (2010) calls the three categories agentive (listen class), experiencer (hear class), and percept (sound class). Examples pertaining to the sense of smell in English use the same lexical item (smell), while in Polish, the three senses of smell are expressed with different verbs: wąchać (agentive), czuć zapach (experiencer), and pachnieć (percept). In metaphorical extensions of the verbs of sensory perception these verbs often stand for mental states, as meaning shifts typically involve the transfer from concrete to abstract domains. I show that the metaphorical extensions of pachnieć and percept to smell are quite different. Not only does pachnieć not suggest bad character or dislikeable characteristics, it actually conveys the opposite, as in the expression coś komuś pachnie ‘something is attractive to someone’ or when used without a modifier. These differences stem from the positive meaning of pachnieć and the negative meaning of to smell. Since the percept verbs of smell seem to be intrinsically positively or negatively valued, they do not lend themselves to universal Mind-as-Body extensions. I also consider some of the dramatic frequency contrasts between Polish and English smell constructions and show they can have their root in different cultural scripts underlying modes of speaking (pachnieć jak vs. smell like), framing of experiences (czuć zapach vs. experiencer to smell), polysemy, and different constructional capabilities (wąchać vs. to sniff).

中文翻译:

波兰语气味:词汇语义和文化价值

摘要:感知动词通常分为三个语义组。Gisborne (2010) 将三个类别称为主体(听类)、体验者(听类)和感知(声音类)。英语中有关嗅觉的例子使用相同的词项(smell),而在波兰语中,三种嗅觉用不同的动词表达:wąchać(代理)、czuć zapach(体验者)和 pachnieć(感知)。在感官知觉动词的隐喻扩展中,这些动词通常代表心理状态,因为意义转变通常涉及从具体领域到抽象领域的转移。我展示了 pachnieć 的隐喻延伸和嗅觉感知是完全不同的。pachnieć 不仅没有暗示坏性格或令人讨厌的特征,它实际上传达了相反的意思,如在表达 coś komuś pachnie 中“某物对某人有吸引力”或在不带修饰语的情况下使用。这些差异源于 pachnieć 的积极意义和嗅觉的消极意义。由于嗅觉的感知动词似乎在本质上具有积极或消极的价值,因此它们不适合通用的 Mind-as-Body 扩展。我还考虑了波兰语和英语气味结构之间的一些戏剧性频率对比,并表明它们可以根植于不同的文化脚本中的说话方式(pachnieć jak vs. 气味)、经验框架(czuć zapach vs.经验者嗅觉) )、多义性和不同的构造能力(wąchać 与嗅探)。这些差异源于 pachnieć 的积极意义和嗅觉的消极意义。由于嗅觉的感知动词似乎在本质上具有积极或消极的价值,因此它们不适合通用的 Mind-as-Body 扩展。我还考虑了波兰语和英语气味结构之间的一些戏剧性频率对比,并表明它们可以根植于不同的文化脚本中的说话方式(pachnieć jak vs. 气味)、经验框架(czuć zapach vs.经验者嗅觉) )、多义性和不同的构造能力(wąchać 与嗅探)。这些差异源于 pachnieć 的积极意义和嗅觉的消极意义。由于嗅觉的感知动词似乎在本质上具有积极或消极的价值,因此它们不适合通用的 Mind-as-Body 扩展。我还考虑了波兰语和英语气味结构之间的一些戏剧性频率对比,并表明它们可以根植于不同的文化脚本中,即说话方式(pachnieć jak vs. 气味)、体验框架(czuć zapach vs.经验者嗅觉) )、多义性和不同的构造能力(wąchać 与嗅探)。
更新日期:2016-01-01
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