Abstract We examine correlates of tenure length for professional soccer managers. Using 521 managers from Major League Soccer (MLS), Spain’s La Liga, and the English Premier League (EPL) whose tenures occurred between 2000 and 2015, we assess the association between both performance-related and non-performance variables, and manager duration. Performance variables include measures of a team’s ranking (or position) and relegation/promotion indicators. Non-performance variables include manager nationality and age, the timing of a manager’s hire, and the team’s wage bill. We employ survival analytic methods, including Cox’s proportional hazards model, to explore the effects of fixed and time-dependent covariates on coach tenure length. We find that La Liga managers have shorter survival, as do managers who were older when they were hired. Furthermore, finishing with a better ranking and, more importantly, improving on previous team performance yields longer survival. Most strikingly, however, we find a significant disparity in the comparison of domestic and foreign managers within a league. While the difference in longevity between domestic and foreign managers in La Liga and the EPL was minimal, American managers in MLS survived significantly longer than their foreign peers.

中文翻译：

---

美国和美国职棒大联盟足球经理任期的长寿差异

摘要我们研究了职业足球经理的任期长度相关性。我们使用521名来自大联盟足球（MLS），西班牙西甲联赛和英格兰超级联赛（EPL）的经理，他们的任期在2000年至2015年之间，我们评估了绩效相关变量和非绩效变量与经理任期之间的关联。绩效变量包括团队排名（或职位）和降级/晋升指标的度量。非绩效变量包括经理的国籍和年龄，经理的聘用时间以及团队的工资单。我们采用生存分析方法，包括Cox比例风险模型，来探索固定的和时间相关的协变量对教练任期长度的影响。我们发现西甲的经理人的生存期较短，而受雇时年龄较大的经理人的生存期也较短。此外，以更好的排名结束比赛，更重要的是，改善以前的团队表现将获得更长的生存期。然而，最惊人的是，我们发现一个联盟中的国内外经理人之间存在巨大差异。尽管西甲的国内和国外经理与EPL之间的寿命差异很小，但MLS中的美国经理的生存时间比外国同行更长。