We investigate synonymy in the strong sense of content identity (and not just meaning similarity). This notion is central in the philosophy of language and in applications of logic. We motivate, uniformly axiomatize, and characterize several “benchmark” notions of synonymy in the messy class of all possible notions of synonymy. This class is divided by two intuitive principles that are governed by a no-go result. We use the notion of a scenario to get a logic of synonymy ( S F ) which is the canonical representative of one division. In the other division, the so-called conceptivist logics, we find, e.g., the well-known system of analytic containment ( A C ). We axiomatize four logics of synonymy extending A C , relate them semantically and proof-theoretically to S F , and characterize them in terms of weak/strong subject matter preservation and weak/strong logical equivalence. This yields ways out of the no-go result and novel arguments—independent of a particular semantic framework—for each notion of synonymy discussed (using, e.g., Hurford disjunctions or homotopy theory). This points to pluralism about meaning and a certain non-compositionality of truth in logic programs and neural networks. And it unveils an impossibility for synonymy: if it is to preserve subject matter, then either conjunction and disjunction lose an essential property or a very weak absorption law is violated.

中文翻译：

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同义词的逻辑

我们在强烈的内容认同感（而不仅仅是意义相似性）中研究同义词。这个概念是语言哲学和逻辑应用的核心。我们在所有可能的同义词概念的混乱类别中激发、统一公理化和表征几个同义词的“基准”概念。这个类被两个直观的原则划分，这些原则受不成功的结果支配。我们使用场景的概念来获得同义词 (SF) 的逻辑，它是一个部门的规范代表。在另一个部门，即所谓的概念主义逻辑中，我们发现，例如，众所周知的分析包容系统 (AC)。我们将同义扩展 AC 的四个逻辑公理化，将它们在语义上和理论上证明与 SF 相关联，并根据弱/强主题保存和弱/强逻辑对等来表征它们。这为所讨论的每个同义词概念（使用例如赫福德析取或同伦理论）提供了摆脱不通过结果和新颖论点的方法——独立于特定的语义框架。这表明逻辑程序和神经网络中关于意义的多元主义和某种真理的非组合性。它揭示了同义词的不可能性：如果要保留主题，那么连词和析取要么失去本质属性，要么违反了非常弱的吸收定律。这表明逻辑程序和神经网络中关于意义的多元主义和某种真理的非组合性。它揭示了同义词的不可能性：如果要保留主题，那么连词和析取要么失去本质属性，要么违反了非常弱的吸收定律。这表明逻辑程序和神经网络中关于意义的多元主义和某种真理的非组合性。它揭示了同义词的不可能性：如果要保留主题，那么连词和析取要么失去本质属性，要么违反了非常弱的吸收定律。