Trust and distrust have been crucial factors in historical processes and resources for the working of diverse political, economic, legal, and gender orders. Paradoxically, until recently historians have ignored that obvious fact, although the concept of trust has influenced the production of fundamental knowledge about ‘modernity’, ‘the state’, ‘society’, and ‘the individual’ in other human sciences. Inspired by the cultural turns of recent decades, some historians have done a great deal of research on the varieties of meanings, expressions, and scenarios of trust and distrust across time and space. I invited three leading scholars—Geoffrey Hosking in modern Russian history at University College London, Francesca Trivellato in early modern European history at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and Ian Forrest in medieval history at Oxford University—to share their reflections on the significance of trust and distrust in their explorations of the human past. By noting differences and making comparisons about how trust and distrust functioned through diverse eras, the interview problematizes the roles of (dis)trust in individual and collective behaviour, in coping with risks and creating security, and in establishing hierarchies, inequalities, and power relationships as well as solidarities, networks, and emotional bonds. The search for analytical languages and concepts of trust outlines new research agendas and, in doing so, has the potential to link political, economic, social, and cultural history. This conversation about trust and distrust among historians is a pivotal contribution to the booming interdisciplinary dialogue on this rich and complex topic, which belongs to both the social sciences and neuroscience. This is an area of inquiry that reminds us that the heterogeneity of (dis-)trust depends on historical situations and

中文翻译：

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对探索人类过去的信任和不信任：对杰弗里·霍斯金、弗朗西斯卡·特里维拉托和伊恩·福雷斯特的采访

信任和不信任一直是各种政治、经济、法律和性别秩序运作的历史进程和资源中的关键因素。矛盾的是，直到最近，历史学家都忽视了这个明显的事实，尽管信任的概念影响了其他人文科学中关于“现代性”、“国家”、“社会”和“个人”的基本知识的产生。受近几十年来文化转变的启发，一些历史学家对跨越时空的信任和不信任的含义、表达和场景的多样性进行了大量研究。我邀请了三位领先的学者——伦敦大学学院现代俄罗斯史研究的 Geoffrey Hosking，普林斯顿高等研究院研究早期现代欧洲史的 Francesca Trivellato，和伊恩福雷斯特在牛津大学的中世纪历史——分享他们对信任和不信任在他们对人类过去的探索中的重要性的反思。通过注意到差异并比较信任和不信任如何在不同时代发挥作用，访谈对（不）信任在个人和集体行为、应对风险和创造安全以及建立等级、不平等和权力关系中的作用进行了质疑以及团结、网络和情感纽带。寻找分析语言和信任概念勾勒出新的研究议程，并有可能将政治、经济、社会和文化历史联系起来。历史学家之间关于信任和不信任的对话是对这个既属于社会科学又属于神经科学的丰富而复杂的话题的蓬勃发展的跨学科对话的关键贡献。这是一个探究领域，提醒我们（不）信任的异质性取决于历史情况和