The purpose of this paper is to draw on literature underpinning social support to explore individual level considerations when designing social support systems for academic entrepreneurs.,The paper draws from literature in the fields of entrepreneurship, organisational support, stress and coping, and conservation of resources theory to conceptualise social support in an academic entrepreneurship setting.,Provides an expanded definition and a framework of social support. The definition signals the complex nature of delivering social support by considering mechanisms through which the concept is operationalised. These include the content of social support, relationships it occurs within, mode of delivery of support and finally outcomes of such support. A social support influencer pentagram is presented of elements that, together, or separately may affect how individuals seek, receive or perceive support in the academic entrepreneurship context. The framework may also have implications for organisations in other contexts.,Future research should explore the content, delivery mode and timing of support sought and/or received and perceived as helpful and the types of relationships within which these might occur. The impact of this on academic entrepreneurship and variation of these inputs and outputs with respect to the types of actors involved should be considered. It underscores the need, in empirical research, for in-depth understanding of the context of each incident of support regardless of organisational context.,This paper illustrates the challenges of designing a supportive culture and the conceptual contribution forewarns policy makers of the need to design multi-faceted, flexible and adaptive social support systems.,This paper seeks to establish the value and complex nature of social support as a medium to encourage academic entrepreneurship by providing a broader definition of social support and a framework of elements that may affect whether individuals seek, receive or perceive support within the academic entrepreneurship setting. To our knowledge, it is one of the first papers in an academic entrepreneurship setting which recognises the dual separate paths [based on stress and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) and conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989)] from the perception of support and the objective support itself to entrepreneurial outcomes. The proposed framework also seeks to contribute to a greater understanding of the ways in which social systems might influence the success of an individual academic’s entrepreneurial endeavours and those of others with whom they interact. It also contributes to the wider social support literature by providing a better understanding of how individuals might break resource loss spirals (Hobfoll et al., 2018).

中文翻译：

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社会对学术创业的支持：定义和概念框架

本文旨在利用支持社会支持的文献来探讨为学术企业家设计社会支持系统时的个人层面的考虑。本文从企业家精神，组织支持，压力与应对以及资源节约等领域借鉴文献在学术创业环境中概念化社会支持的理论。提供了扩展的定义和社会支持框架。通过考虑实施该概念的机制，该定义表明了提供社会支持的复杂性质。其中包括社会支持的内容，其内部的关系，支持的提供方式以及最终的支持结果。社会支持影响者五角星介绍了一些元素，这些元素在一起，或分别影响个人在学术创业背景下寻求，接受或感知支持的方式。该框架还可能在其他情况下对组织产生影响。未来研究应探索寻求和/或接受和认为有用的支持的内容，交付模式和时机以及可能发生的关系的类型。应该考虑到这对学术创业的影响以及这些投入和产出相对于所涉及的行为者类型的变化。它强调了在实证研究中需要深入了解每个支持事件的背景，而不管组织的背景如何。本文阐述了设计支持文化的挑战，并从概念上说明了决策者需要设计多方面，灵活和适应性强的社会支持系统的问题。本文力求确立社会支持作为一种媒介的价值和复杂性。通过提供更广泛的社会支持定义和可能影响个人在学术创业环境中寻求，接受或感知支持的要素框架来鼓励学术创业。据我们所知，这是学术创业背景下的第一篇论文之一，该论文认识到双重分离的路径[基于压力和应对理论（Lazarus and Folkman，1984）和资源节约理论（Hobfoll，1984）。（1989年）]，从对支持的理解和对企业成果的客观支持本身。拟议的框架还旨在帮助人们更好地理解社会制度可能影响个人学者和与之互动的其他人的创业成就的方式。通过更好地了解个人如何打破资源损失螺旋，它也为更广泛的社会支持文献做出了贡献（Hobfoll等人，2018）。