The paper examines the role of lexical, morphological, and discourse-referential factors in gender assignment with animate nouns in heritage Russian in order to explore the extent to which these different interfaces are challenging in heritage language acquisition. The analysis of concordant and discordant agreement patterns with nouns representing each type of gender categorization mechanism points to unequal difficulty associated with different types of gender allocation strategies. In particular, heritage speakers converge with baseline speakers in rating possible and impossible agreement combinations in the presence of fixed and transparent lexical and morphological gender categorization cues; however, they display non-target-like judgments of unmarked and underspecified forms characterized by variable agreement behavior (i.e., hybrid nouns and common gender nouns). Problems with forms whose gender reference is disambiguated at the level of discourse point to the syntax-discourse interface as a locus of systematic difficulty for heritage language speakers.

中文翻译：

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语法性别的难点是什么？来自俄罗斯遗产的证据

本文研究了词汇、形态和话语参考因素在传统俄语中的有生命名词的性别分配中的作用，以探索这些不同界面在传统语言习得中的挑战程度。对代表每种性别分类机制的名词的一致和不一致协议模式的分析指出了与不同类型的性别分配策略相关的不平等困难。特别是，在存在固定和透明的词汇和形态性别分类线索的情况下，传统演讲者与基线演讲者在对可能和不可能的协议组合进行评级方面趋于一致；然而，他们表现出对未标记和未指定形式的非目标类判断，其特征是可变的一致行为（即，混合名词和普通性别名词）。在语篇层面消除了性别指称的形式的问题表明句法-语篇界面是传统语言使用者的系统困难所在。