This article investigates the morphosyntax of American Norwegian noun phrases that show mixing between Norwegian and English and proposes a formal analysis of these. The data show a distinct pattern characterized by English content items occurring together with Norwegian functional material such as determiners and suffixes. In the article, it will be argued that an exoskeletal approach to grammar is ideally suited to capture this empirical pattern. This framework crucially separates the realization of functional and non-functional terminals in an abstract, syntactic structure. Insertion of functional exponents is restricted by feature matching, whereas insertion into nonfunctional terminals is radically less restrictive. English exponents for noun stems are thus easily inserted into open positions in the structure, whereas functional exponents are typically drawn from Norwegian, as these are better matches to feature bundles comprising definiteness, number, and gender. In addition to the typical mixing pattern, the article addresses an unexpected empirical phenomenon, the occurrence of the English plural -s, and proposes a possible analysis for this using the exoskeletal framework. The formal analysis of American Norwegian noun phrases also exemplifies how an exoskeletal approach complies with the ideal of a Null theory of language mixing.

中文翻译：

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美国挪威语名词短语中的语言混合

本文调查了美国挪威语名词短语的形态句法，这些短语显示挪威语和英语之间的混合，并提出了对这些的正式分析。数据显示了一个独特的模式，其特征是英语内容项目与挪威语功能材料（例如限定词和后缀）一起出现。在本文中，将论证外骨骼语法方法非常适合捕捉这种经验模式。该框架在抽象的句法结构中至关重要地将功能性和非功能性终端的实现分开。功能指数的插入受特征匹配的限制，而插入非功能性终端的限制从根本上减少。因此，名词词干的英语指数很容易插入结构中的开放位置，而函数指数通常来自挪威语，因为它们更适合包含确定性、数字和性别的特征束。除了典型的混合模式之外，本文还讨论了一个意想不到的经验现象，即英语复数 -s 的出现，并提出了使用外骨骼框架对此进行的可能分析。对美国挪威语名词短语的正式分析也举例说明了外骨骼方法如何符合语言混合的 Null 理论的理想。并建议使用外骨骼框架对此进行可能的分析。对美国挪威语名词短语的正式分析也举例说明了外骨骼方法如何符合语言混合的 Null 理论的理想。并建议使用外骨骼框架对此进行可能的分析。对美国挪威语名词短语的正式分析也举例说明了外骨骼方法如何符合语言混合的 Null 理论的理想。