The Bottleneck Hypothesis (Slabakova, 2008) assumes functional morphology to be a particular challenge in second language (L2) acquisition whereas acquisition of syntax and semantics to be unproblematic. I propose, following Polinsky (2011), that functional morphology can be seen as an acquisitional bottleneck for heritage language (hl) speakers as well. Russian verbal aspect is known to be problematic in bilingual Russian children (Anstatt, 2008; Gupol, 2009), in adult foreign language learners (Slabakova, 2005, Nossalik, 2009) and in Russian heritage speakers of low (Polinsky, 2008) and even near-native fluency (Laleko, 2010).

中文翻译：

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形态瓶颈：俄罗斯传统演讲者的案例

瓶颈假说 (Slabakova, 2008) 假设功能形态学是第二语言 (L2) 习得的一个特殊挑战，而句法和语义的习得没有问题。我建议，继 Polinsky (2011) 之后，功能形态也可以被视为传统语言 (hl) 使用者的习得瓶颈。众所周知，俄语语言在双语俄语儿童 (Anstatt, 2008; Gupol, 2009)、成人外语学习者 (Slabakova, 2005, Nossalik, 2009) 和俄语传统低语者 (Polinsky, 2008) 甚至接近母语的流畅度（Laleko，2010）。