The finite verb typically occurs in second position in main clauses in Germanic languages other than English. Hence they are often referred to as ʽverb-second languagesʼ or V2-languages for short. The difference between a V2-language and a non-V2 language is shown in (i)–(ii) with Icelandic examples and English glosses (the finite verb is highlighted): (i) María les aldrei blöð. Mary reads never newspapers ʽMary never reads newspapers.ʼ (ii) Maríu þekki ég mjög vel. Mary.acc know I very well ʽMary I know very well.ʼ In example (i) the finite verb occurs in second position in Icelandic, immediately following the subject María in Icelandic but in the English gloss it occurs in third position, following the adverb never. In (ii) the finite verb immediately follows the fronted (topicalized) object Maríu in Icelandic but in the English gloss the finite verb again occurs in third position, this time following the subject. This article discusses the influence of intense language contact (English/Icelandic) on the two V2-order types in Arnbjörnsdóttir, Thráinsson and Nowenstein journal of language contact 11 (2018) 379-412

中文翻译：

---

北美冰岛语中的 V2 和 V3 订单

限定动词通常出现在英语以外的日耳曼语言的主要从句中的第二位。因此，它们通常被简称为“动词-第二语言”或“V2-语言”。V2 语言和非 V2 语言之间的差异显示在 (i)–(ii) 中，并附有冰岛语示例和英语注解（限定动词突出显示）： (i) María les aldrei blöð。玛丽从不读报纸 ʽ玛丽从不读报纸。ʼ (ii) Maríu þekki ég mjög vel。Mary.acc 知道我很清楚 ʽMary 我很清楚。ʼ 在示例 (i) 中，有限动词出现在冰岛语中的第二位，紧接在冰岛语中的主语 María 之后，但在英语词汇中，它出现在副词之后的第三位绝不。在 (ii) 中，限定动词在冰岛语中紧跟在前置（话题化）宾语 Maríu 之后，但在英语中，限定动词再次出现在第三位，这次是在主语之后。本文在Arnbjörnsdóttir, Thráinsson 和Nowenstein 语言接触杂志11 (2018) 379-412 中讨论了强烈的语言接触（英语/冰岛语）对两种V2-order 类型的影响