Using loanword data from Haugen (1953), this paper investigates variation in vowel integrations of English loanwords in the Norwegian among 19 th century Norwegian immigrants to the United States, as first-language Norwegian and second-language English speakers. Previous research, most notably Flege (1995), has argued that speakers make use of L1 categories that are the most similar to the integrated L2 sound. In contrast, this research argues that the “most similar,” as well as less similar but attested, L1 integrated phonemes can be understood through the Lahiri and Reetz (2002) Underspecified Recognition model, where phonetic features of L2 input sounds are mapped onto hierarchically organized L1 distinctive features (i.e., Dresher, 2009).

中文翻译：

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语音整合的欠指定识别模型：美式挪威语中的英语借词元音

本文使用来自 Haugen (1953) 的外来词数据，调查了 19 世纪挪威移民到美国的挪威语中英语外来词元音整合的变化，这些移民是第一语言的挪威人和第二语言的英语使用者。先前的研究，最著名的是 Flege (1995)，认为扬声器使用与集成的 L2 声音最相似的 L1 类别。相比之下，这项研究认为，“最相似”以及不太相似但经过证实的 L1 集成音素可以通过 Lahiri 和 Reetz (2002) 未指定识别模型来理解，其中 L2 输入声音的语音特征被映射到分层有组织的 L1 显着特征（即 Dresher，2009）。