This paper examines the emergence of perfective aspect in Cantonese-English bilingual children from the perspective of contact-induced grammaticalization, focusing on the novel use of already . Although the adverbial already seems to serve a function similar to that of the Cantonese perfective marker zo2 in the bilingual children, other model constructions suggest that the function of already may combine those of several Cantonese particles such as the sentence-final particle laa3 . The results suggest that in contact-induced grammaticalization, it is possible to develop a new category in the replica language based on multiple different but related categories in the model language. Adopting an evolutionary approach to language transmission (Mufwene, 2001), we discuss why grammaticalization in the Cantonese-English bilingual children does not seem to involve coevolution of form and meaning, why the grammaticalization phenomena in the bilingual children are only transient, and how the study of bilingual acquisition can contribute to contact linguistics.

中文翻译：

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接触诱导语法化中的多重对应和类型学收敛

本文从接触诱导语法化的角度考察了粤英双语儿童完成体方面的出现，重点探讨了“已经”的新用法。虽然副词在双语儿童中似乎已经起到类似于粤语完成标记 zo2 的功能，但其他模型结构表明已经可以结合几个粤语粒子的功能，例如句末助词 laa3 。结果表明，在接触诱导语法化中，可以根据模型语言中的多个不同但相关的类别，在复制语言中开发一个新的类别。采用进化的语言传播方法（Mufwene，2001），