Western missionaries arrived in Korea decades before the Japanese annexation of 1910, and they established a major presence before the advent of colonial rule. The missionaries initially clashed with the colonial state over state intervention in their religious affairs. Through a series of confrontations, the missionaries eventually gained key concessions which allowed them to expand their presence in Korea, especially in the cities of Pyongyang and Seoul. The reasons why Christian organizations flourished under Japanese colonial rule are often attributed to their nationalist reputation gained through the March First Movement, but this line of analysis tends to provide an incomplete picture. Through a careful examination of the process by which the Western missionaries became institutionalized in the colonial order through the pursuit of education, medicine, and other forms of ‘‘social work,’’ we may better understand the dynamics between state and religion in colonial Korea

中文翻译：

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正式承认宗教的政治与朝鲜殖民地城市“社会工作”的扩展

西方传教士在 1910 年日本吞并之前几十年抵达韩国，他们在殖民统治到来之前就建立了重要地位。传教士最初因国家干预他们的宗教事务而与殖民国家发生冲突。通过一系列对抗，传教士最终获得了关键让步，这使他们能够扩大在韩国的存在，尤其是在平壤和首尔城市。基督教组织在日本殖民统治下蓬勃发展的原因往往归因于他们通过三一运动获得的民族主义声誉，但这种分析往往提供了一个不完整的图景。通过仔细考察西方传教士通过追求教育在殖民​​秩序中制度化的过程，