Following the widespread participation of United Nations ( UN ) forces in hostile environments, this article aims to expand the obligations of the UN under International Humanitarian Law. The article argues that Additional Protocol II ( AP II ) to the Geneva Conventions can bind UN forces, even though the UN is not formally a party thereto. The argument is built on three distinct legal issues: the first issue is whether the UN ’s involvement in a conflict internationalizes a non-international armed conflict; the second issue is the legal nature of the UN ’s obligations under AP II , which will be explained through two legal theories of indirect consent; and the third issue is the conformity of UN forces to the criteria of an armed group outlined in AP II . The article concludes that if UN forces meet certain conditions, as will be outlined herein, they should be bound by the provisions contained in AP II .

中文翻译：

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将《日内瓦四公约第二附加议定书》适用于联合国部队

随着联合国部队在敌对环境中的广泛参与，本文旨在扩大联合国根据国际人道主义法的义务。文章认为，即使联合国不是正式加入《日内瓦公约》的第二附加议定书（AP II），也可以约束联合国部队。该论点建立在三个不同的法律问题上：第一个问题是联合国参与冲突是否将非国际性武装冲突国际化；第二个问题是《第二附加议定书》规定的联合国义务的法律性质，将通过两种间接同意的法律理论加以解释；第三个问题是联合国部队是否符合AP II概述的武装团体的标准。该文章的结论是，如果联合国部队满足某些条件（如本文所述），