There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the familial transmission of gambling problems. This convergent mixed-methods study aimed to explore the: (1) sources of heterogeneity in the familial (paternal, maternal, and sibling) transmission of gambling problems; (2) degree to which family-of-origin characteristics are associated with family-of-origin problem gambling; and (3) beliefs of gamblers about the nature of the familial transmission of problem gambling. The sample consisted of 97 treatment-seeking gamblers in Australia. One-quarter (25.5%) of participants reported that at least one family member (16.5% father, 7.5% mother, 7.6% siblings) living with them when they were growing up had a gambling problem. Most participants reported that family members with a positive history of problem gambling were biological relatives, lived with them full-time, and experienced long-term difficulties with gambling. Participants with a family history of problem gambling were young (less than 12 years of age) at the onset of parental, but not sibling, problem gambling, were women, and reported difficulties with the same gambling activity as their family member. Participants raised in families with problem gambling were more likely to report parental separation (risk ratio [RR] = 2.32) and divorce (RR = 2.83), and extreme family financial hardship (RR = 1.80), as well as low levels of paternal authoritative parenting than participants raised in non-problem gambling families. Qualitatively, both social learning and genetics were perceived to play a central role in the familial transmission of gambling problems. These findings inform theories of the familial transmission of gambling problems and the design of targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

中文翻译：

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“流血在您的血液中”：寻求治疗的赌徒对其赌博家族史的反思

在我们对赌博问题的家庭传播方面，我们的理解存在很大差距。这项融合的混合方法研究旨在探索：（1）赌博问题在家庭（父亲，母亲和兄弟姐妹）传播中的异质性来源；（2）起源家庭特征与赌博相关问题的关联程度；（3）赌徒对问题赌博的家庭传播性质的信念。该样本由澳大利亚的97位寻求治疗的赌徒组成。四分之一（25.5％）的参与者报告说，他们长大后与他们住在一起的至少一名家庭成员（父亲16.5％，母亲7.5％，兄弟姐妹7.5％）存在赌博问题。大多数参与者报告说，有赌博问题历史的家庭成员是亲戚，与他们全职生活，并在赌博方面经历了长期的困难。有问题赌博家族史的参与者在父母亲发病时年轻（不到12岁），但并非兄弟姐妹，有问题赌博的参与者是女性，并且报告了与家庭成员相同的赌博活动困难。在赌博有问题的家庭中成长的参与者更有可能报告父母分居（风险比[RR] = 2.32）和离婚（RR = 2.83），以及极端的家庭经济困难（RR = 1.80），以及较低的父母权威度养育子女比在非问题赌博家庭中养育的参与者要多。定性地，社会学习和遗传学都被认为在赌博问题的家族传播中起着核心作用。