Few studies have compared the clinical characteristics of gambling disorder (GD) from a cross-cultural perspective. In the present study, we aimed to examine differences in gambling-related cognitions, gambling preferences, GD severity and other clinical and sociodemographic variables in individuals with GD in the United States and Spain. Two groups of participants with GD (from the United States of America (US; n = 109) and Spain (n = 243) were compared using the South Oaks gambling screen and the gambling-related cognitions scale. In Spain, the prevalence of participants who reported only non-strategic gambling preferences was higher, whereas in the US, participants tended to engage in a wider breadth of gambling activities. Moreover, Spanish participants reported higher GD severity, while participants in the US endorsed greater gambling-related cognitions. Our findings suggest that there may jurisdictional or cultural differences in terms of gambling-related cognitions, gambling preferences, and GD severity levels among individuals in the US versus Spain. These differences, which may reflect cultural regulatory or other factors, should be investigated further, and considered when developing and implementing interventions for GD.

很少有研究从跨文化的角度比较赌博疾病（GD）的临床特征。在本研究中，我们旨在检查在美国和西班牙的GD患者中与赌博相关的认知，赌博偏好，GD严重程度以及其他临床和社会人口学变量的差异。使用South Oaks赌博屏幕和与赌博相关的认知量表比较了两组GD参与者（来自美国（n = 109）和西班牙（n = 243））。仅报告非策略性赌博偏好的人较高，而在美国，参与者倾向于从事更广泛的赌博活动；此外，西班牙参与者报告的GD严重性较高，而在美国的参与者则认可了与赌博有关的更多认知。我们的研究结果表明，在美国和西班牙，个人在与赌博相关的认知，赌博偏好和GD严重程度方面可能存在管辖权或文化差异。这些差异可能反映了文化监管或其他因素，应进一步研究，并在制定和实施针对GD的干预措施时予以考虑。