Alfred Schütz and Talcott Parsons, two towering authorities of Weberian social thought are rarely interpreted in the same theoretical perspective (with the exception of Harold Garfinkel). This article intends to show that Schütz’s later writings about the constitution of social reality in the pluralized and differentiated modern society and Parsons’s concept of the social system converge with reference to their common problem of understanding interaction. In this article, I use Ronald Laing’s psychiatric thought of the early 1960s as a starting point to discuss some of the points of intersection between Schütz and Parsons. Laing argued that psychosis is not a phenomenon of the individual mind. Rather it must be understood in terms of an interaction system that is constituted by doctor and patient. The patient cannot maintain ego borders strong enough to establish a role-based social relationship and feels ontologically insecure. It is necessary to understand the patient in his existential position which constitutes his self as a kind of role. Schütz and Parsons reflected on similar interaction systems. Schütz analyzed the little social system that is established between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza; Parsons addressed the social system between doctor and patient. It is argued that Schütz and Parsons analyzed the conditions under which a social system can be established, but they also look at its breakdown leading to the situation as described by Laing.

中文翻译：

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唐吉诃德与社会制度：从阿尔弗雷德舒茨和塔尔科特帕森斯的社会行动理论解释罗纳德莱恩的本体不安全概念

阿尔弗雷德·舒茨 (Alfred Schütz) 和塔尔科特·帕森斯 (Talcott Parsons) 是韦伯社会思想的两位杰出权威，很少以相同的理论视角来解释（哈罗德·加芬克尔除外）。本文意在表明，舒茨后期关于多元化和分化的现代社会中社会现实构成的著作与帕森斯的社会系统概念在理解互动这一共同问题上是趋同的。在这篇文章中，我以 Ronald Laing 1960 年代初期的精神病学思想为出发点，讨论 Schütz 和 Parsons 之间的一些交叉点。Laing 认为精神病不是个体心理的现象。相反，它必须从由医生和患者构成的交互系统的角度来理解。患者无法维持足够强大的自我边界以建立基于角色的社会关系，并且在本体论上感到不安全。有必要了解病人的存在地位，这种地位构成了他作为一种角色的自我。Schütz 和 Parsons 反思了类似的交互系统。舒茨分析了堂吉诃德和桑丘潘萨之间建立的小社会制度；帕森斯谈到了医生和病人之间的社会制度。有人认为，Schütz 和 Parsons 分析了社会系统可以建立的条件，但他们也研究了导致 Laing 所描述的情况的崩溃。有必要了解病人的存在地位，这种地位构成了他作为一种角色的自我。Schütz 和 Parsons 反思了类似的交互系统。舒茨分析了堂吉诃德和桑丘潘萨之间建立的小社会制度；帕森斯谈到了医生和病人之间的社会制度。有人认为，Schütz 和 Parsons 分析了社会系统可以建立的条件，但他们也研究了导致 Laing 所描述的情况的崩溃。有必要了解病人的存在地位，这种地位构成了他作为一种角色的自我。Schütz 和 Parsons 反思了类似的交互系统。舒茨分析了堂吉诃德和桑丘潘萨之间建立的小社会制度；帕森斯谈到了医生和病人之间的社会制度。有人认为，Schütz 和 Parsons 分析了社会系统可以建立的条件，但他们也研究了导致 Laing 所描述的情况的崩溃。