The purpose of the paper is to investigate the extent to which a model based on financial and non-financial variables predicts auditors' decisions to issue qualified audit reports in the case of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).,The authors utilized data from the financial statements of 96 Iranian firms as the sample over a period of five years (2012–2016). A total of 480 observations were analysed using a probit model through 11 primary financial ratios accompanying non-financial variables, including the type of audit firm, auditor turnover and corporate performance, which affect the issuance of audit reports.,The results demonstrated high explanatory power of financial ratios and type of audit firm (the national audit organization vs other local audit firms) in explaining qualifications through audit reports. The predictive accuracy of the estimated model is evaluated using a regression model for the probabilities of qualified and clean opinions. The model is reliable, with 72.9% accuracy in classifying the total sample correctly to explain changes in the auditor's opinion.,This study contains some limitations. First, it is likely that similar researches in developed countries set a large sample (e.g. over 1,000 firms) including more years, but the authors cannot follow such a trend due to data access restrictions. Second, banks and financial institutions, investment and holding firms are removed from the sample, because their financial structure is diverse. The third limitation of the study represents the different economic and cultural conditions of Iran compared to other countries. Future studies could focus on internal control material weaknesses or earnings management to predict audit opinion in emerging economies including Iran.,The paper has practical implications and can assist auditors in identifying factors motivating audit report qualifications, mainly in emerging economies.,The paper contributes to auditing research, since very little is known about the determinants of audit opinion in emerging markets including Iran; it also constitutes an addition to previous knowledge about audit opinion in the context of TSE. The paper is one of the rare studies predicting auditor opinions using both financial variables and non-financial metrics.

中文翻译：

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使用财务比率和非财务指标预测审计师的意见：来自伊朗的证据

本文的目的是调查在德黑兰证券交易所（TSE）上市的公司中，基于财务和非财务变量的模型在多大程度上预测审计师的决定，以发布合格的审计报告。五年（2012-2016年）样本中来自96家伊朗公司财务报表的数据。使用Probit模型，通过11个主要财务比率（伴随着非财务变量，包括影响审计报告发布的审计公司类型，审计师营业额和公司绩效）与Probit模型进行了分析，共480项观察结果。财务比率和审计公司类型（国家审计机构与其他本地审计公司）之间的关系，以通过审计报告解释资格。使用回归模型评估合格和清晰意见的概率，以评估估计模型的预测准确性。该模型是可靠的，在正确分类总样本以解释审计师意见的变化方面具有72.9％的准确性。该研究存在一些局限性。首先，发达国家的类似研究可能会设定一个较大的样本（例如，超过1,000家公司），包括更多的年份，但是由于数据访问的限制，作者无法遵循这种趋势。第二，将银行和金融机构，投资和控股公司从样本中删除，因为它们的金融结构是多种多样的。该研究的第三个局限性是伊朗与其他国家相比其经济和文化条件不同。未来的研究可能集中在内部控制的实质性弱点或收益管理上，以预测包括伊朗在内的新兴经济体的审计意见。本文具有实际意义，并且可以帮助审计师确定激励审计报告资格的因素，主要是在新兴经济体中。审计研究，因为对包括伊朗在内的新兴市场的审计意见的决定因素知之甚少；在TSE的背景下，它还构成了对以前有关审计意见的知识的补充。本文是使用财务变量和非财务指标预测审计师意见的罕见研究之一。本文具有实际意义，可以帮助审计人员确定主要是在新兴经济体中激发审计报告资格的因素。本文对审计研究作出了贡献，因为对包括伊朗在内的新兴市场的审计意见的决定因素知之甚少。在TSE的背景下，它还构成了对以前有关审计意见的知识的补充。本文是使用财务变量和非财务指标预测审计师意见的罕见研究之一。本文具有实际意义，可以帮助审计人员确定主要是在新兴经济体中激发审计报告资格的因素。本文对审计研究作出了贡献，因为对包括伊朗在内的新兴市场的审计意见的决定因素知之甚少。在TSE的背景下，它还构成了对以前有关审计意见的知识的补充。本文是使用财务变量和非财务指标预测审计师意见的罕见研究之一。