This article analyses and discusses dilemmas, ambivalences and problematic issues related to research ethics. This is done firstly by making a distinction between procedural research ethics and particularistic research ethics. Such a distinction reflects a theoretical construction and generalization. In practice, there can be a very close correlation between the two types. In the following, the distinction will therefore be used as a starting point for the presentation of a pragmatic-dualist research ethics. The approach is dualist because it draws on the presence of two independent, contrasting understandings, which are essentially different yet equal aspects of good research ethics; it is pragmatic because this dualism is structural and institutional by nature, and designed with an eye to what can realistically and expediently be done in practice. Thus the intention of the article is to both analyze and discuss two different understandings of research ethics and simultaneously qualify a research ethics that draws on both of these understandings. Furthermore, the intention is to visualize a different understanding of research ethics which others can address and elaborate on or qualify. Even at this point, this research ethic can be included in a catalogue of understandings of ethical research practice an can be exploited in ethical research practice.

本文分析和讨论了与研究伦理相关的困境、矛盾和有问题的问题。这首先是通过区分程序研究伦理和特殊研究伦理来实现的。这种区别反映了理论构建和概括。实际上，这两种类型之间可能存在非常密切的相关性。因此，在下文中，这种区别将被用作介绍实用二元研究伦理的起点。这种方法是二元论的，因为它利用了两种独立的、对比鲜明的理解，它们是良好研究伦理的本质不同但平等的方面；这是务实的，因为这种二元论本质上是结构性和制度性的，并着眼于在实践中可以现实和方便地完成的事情。因此，本文的目的是分析和讨论对研究伦理的两种不同理解，同时对利用这两种理解的研究伦理进行限定。此外，目的是形象化对研究伦理的不同理解，其他人可以解决和阐述或限定。即使在这一点上，这种研究伦理也可以包含在对伦理研究实践的理解目录中，并且可以在伦理研究实践中加以利用。目的是形象化对研究伦理的不同理解，其他人可以解决和阐述或限定。即使在这一点上，这种研究伦理也可以包含在对伦理研究实践的理解目录中，并且可以在伦理研究实践中加以利用。目的是形象化对研究伦理的不同理解，其他人可以解决和阐述或限定。即使在这一点上，这种研究伦理也可以包含在对伦理研究实践的理解目录中，并且可以在伦理研究实践中加以利用。