This article offers the first-ever comprehensive philological and historical commentary on possible historical allusions to the Idumeans in the following Pseudepigrapha: Pseudo-Aristeas, Judith, Jubilees, the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Apocalypse of Enoch, 1 Esdras, and 4 Ezra. This study argues that references to the Idumeans in the Pseudepigrapha (mostly hidden under the figure of Esau or sons of Esau) are of a very general character and as such are of little use to modern historians. Most passages are only literary expressions of the Judeans’ long-standing tradition of hostility towards the Edomites/Idumeans. Only in a few cases may we speak about general echoes of particular historical events. In 1 Esd. 4.50 and Jub. 37.1–38.14, an advanced Idumean settlement is reflected west of Arabah and south of Judea. Based on the archaeology, this settlement may have started as early as in the eighth century BCE and over time led to the emergence of a new province called Idumea in the Hellenistic period. The second-century BCE Maccabean–Idumean conflict is also echoed in several Pseudepigrapha. In general, the book of Judith reflects the strategic role of mountain passes and the use of lightly armed troops in Maccabean times. In turn, Jub. 37.1–38.14 and the T. Jud. 9.1–4 were written from a specific historical angle created by the Hasmonean conquest of Idumea, but their use of topography and chronology is so simplified that they cannot be employed by modern historians for the reconstruction of the course of the Hasmonean–Idumean conflict. Instead, both books express the ideology of territorial rights, disguised as patriarchal history. Finally, 1 Esd. 5.29 and 8.66 appear to express the ambivalent situation of the Idumeans after conversion: though they became part of the Judean community, the notion of their ethnic distinctiveness and inferiority survived.

中文翻译：

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伪影论的Idumea和Idumeans

本文提供了以下有关伪经的可能历史典故的首次综合语言学和历史评论：伪阿里斯提，朱迪思，禧年，十二位族长的遗嘱，以诺的启示录，以斯拉记和4个以斯拉记。这项研究认为，对伪经中的Idumeans（大多隐藏在以扫或以扫的儿子下面）的提法具有很普遍的性质，因此对现代历史学家而言毫无用处。大多数段落只是犹太人长期以来对以东人/偶像主义者的敌对传统的文学表达。我们只能在少数情况下谈论特定历史事件的普遍回声。在1 ESD中。4.50和Jub。37.1–38.14，一个先进的Idumean定居点在阿拉伯半岛的西部和犹太南部的反射。根据考古学，这种定居可能早在公元前八世纪就开始了，随着时间的流逝，在希腊化时期出现了一个名为Idumea的新省。公元前2世纪的马卡比豆与思想界的冲突在一些伪造的著作中也有所体现。总体而言，《朱迪思》一书反映了山口和马卡比时代的战略作用。反过来，Jub。37.1–38.14和T. Jud。9.1–4是从Hasmonean征服Idumea创造的特定历史角度撰写的，但是它们对地形和年代的使用如此简单，以至于现代历史学家无法将其用于重建Hasmonean-Idumean冲突的过程。取而代之的是，这两本书都表达了伪装成父权制历史的领土权利的思想。最后，1 Esd。5，