While Cistercian liturgical practices generally maintained a high degree of uniformity, that deviations from standardized practice consistently occurred in the celebration of saints is evidenced by the highly individualized composition of kalendars and litanies. Some of these variances emerged through special permissions while others were unsanctioned additions. This article utilizes the surviving evidence for Cistercian abbeys in Scotland to explore the unique blend of saints commemorated at particular houses, demonstrating that monastic observance reflects local devotion to cults within varying regional contexts. It is suggested that this ‘responsiveness’ to lay religiosity goes beyond the institutional appropriation of local culture, and should be viewed within the context of patterns of monastic recruitment from particular localities. Thus, the types of pressures felt from external lay populations, often cited as the key factor in shaping Cistercian interaction with saints’ cults, were just as likely to come from within the monastery itself.

中文翻译：

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苏格兰的西多会和圣徒：邪教和修道院背景

虽然西多会的礼仪实践通常保持高度的统一性，但在庆祝圣徒的过程中始终存在与标准化实践的偏差，这可以从 kalendars 和 litanies 的高度个性化构成中得到证明。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 其中一些差异是通过特殊许可出现的，而另一些则是未经批准的添加。本文利用苏格兰西多会修道院的现存证据来探索在特定房屋中纪念的圣徒的独特融合，证明修道院的遵守反映了当地对不同地区背景下的邪教的奉献。有人认为，这种对平信徒宗教信仰的“反应”超出了当地文化的制度性占有，应该在从特定地方招募僧侣的模式背景下看待。因此，