On the Ulster borderlands, the years 1849 to 1852 represented a crucial period in the development of a correlation between agrarian violence and constitutional political agitation. The emergence of the Tenant League in the region from 1848, along with a parallel clandestine violence from 1849, foreshadowed the better-known Land War of the latter part of the nineteenth century. This article analyses the hitherto unacknowledged interplay between agrarian violence and constitutional politics in south Armagh and surrounding districts. In so doing, it emphasises the years in the immediate wake of the Great Famine as being critical in the long-term development of more politicised forms of collective action. Such methods, in turn, would ultimately be deployed to the detriment of the landed ascendancy in subsequent decades.

中文翻译：

---

'懦弱的屈从已经消失了。激烈的敌意已经到来”：1849-52 年，阿尔斯特边境地区的农业暴力和租户联盟

在阿尔斯特边境地区，1849 年至 1852 年是农业暴力与宪法政治鼓动之间相关性发展的关键时期。1848 年该地区出现的佃农联盟，以及 1849 年的平行秘密暴力，预示着 19 世纪下半叶更为人所知的陆战。本文分析了阿马南部及周边地区的农业暴力与宪政政治之间迄今为止未被承认的相互作用。通过这样做，它强调了大饥荒之后的几年对于长期发展更具政治化的集体行动形式至关重要。反过来，这些方法最终将被部署到在随后的几十年中损害土地优势。