There is a rich and fulsome literature on victims and the processes by which certain groups or individuals come to be constructed as victims. Less attention has been paid to the rhetorical moves employed as counter strategies by groups who seek to challenge victim status and the use of the ‘victim’ label for particular groups. Using the debates around the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure as a case study, the aim of this paper is to contribute towards a better understanding of efforts to deny or neutralize victimhood. The paper identifies several strategies utilized by individuals and groups, the object of which is to raise questions about the appropriateness of a criminal response to HIV non-disclosure by constructing those who have had intimate encounters with HIV non-disclosers as equally responsible for their circumstances rather than as victims of non-disclosers.

中文翻译：

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'一个巴掌拍不响'

关于受害者以及某些群体或个人被建构为受害者的过程，有大量丰富的文献。那些寻求挑战受害者地位的团体用作反策略的修辞手法以及对特定团体使用“受害者”标签的关注较少。使用围绕 HIV 不披露定罪的辩论作为案例研究，本文的目的是有助于更好地理解否认或消除受害者的努力。该论文确定了个人和团体使用的几种策略，