Responsibility is a notion that is central to all legal systems. Its operation in international law, however, has been complicated by ( inter alia ) the complexity of the operative rules, as well as the intricate factual dynamics on which it is called upon to operate. Such complications often create confusion, mistrust and even accountability gaps in important areas. This article deals with one such area: responsibility for the conduct of United Nations (‘ UN ’) troops. It commences with an analysis of the notion of responsibility in international law before elaborating the factual dynamics underpinning the relevant legal discussion comprised, inter alia , of the troop contribution frameworks, command and control structures, and the execution of UN orders. The article will then proceed to its core issue: how responsibility for acts directly perpetrated by UN forces (in contrast to other forms of responsibility pertaining to, for instance, aiding and assisting or directing the acts of another) should be apportioned.

中文翻译：

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对联合国部队的行为实施有效控制

责任是所有法律制度的核心概念。然而，由于（除其他外）执行规则的复杂性以及要求它运作的错综复杂的事实动态，它在国际法中的运作变得复杂。这种复杂情况往往会在重要领域造成混乱、不信任甚至问责制差距。本文涉及这样一个领域：联合国（“联合国”）部队行为的责任。它首先分析了国际法中的责任概念，然后详细阐述了支撑相关法律讨论的事实动态，其中包括部队派遣框架、指挥和控制结构以及联合国命令的执行等。然后文章将继续其核心问题：