In the first half of the nineteenth century, industrialization increased the demand for sponges extracted by the sponge fishermen of the Dodecanese Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. This had widespread repercussions, leading to increasing numbers of sponge fishermen, the geographical expansion of fishing zones and the evolution and diversification of fishing techniques. In this context, foreign sponge traders imposed the hard-hat diving suit, which enabled divers to remain underwater for several hours without surfacing. It was therefore perceived as being more efficient than traditional skin-diving. But this equipment greatly exacerbated the physical risks faced by the divers, with injuries and fatalities increasing markedly. It also required heavy financial investments that compounded the losses of fishermen and their families. With hindsight, these investments were catalysts of the major socio-economic upheaval that followed. As well as provoking mass revolt among the islanders of the Dodecanese, this entailed modifications in crews and community structure as a nascent model of capitalist organization marked the development of the sponge fishery.

中文翻译：

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与牛头怪战斗：地中海海绵捕捞业对技术变革的抵制，1840-1922

在 19 世纪上半叶，工业化增加了对爱琴海多德卡尼斯群岛的海绵渔民提取的海绵的需求。这产生了广泛的影响，导致海绵渔民数量增加、捕鱼区的地理扩张以及捕鱼技术的演变和多样化。在此背景下，国外海绵贸易商强加了安全帽潜水服，使潜水员能够在水下停留数小时而不会浮出水面。因此，它被认为比传统的皮肤潜水更有效。但这种设备极大地加剧了潜水员面临的身体风险，伤亡人数显着增加。它还需要大量的金融投资，这加剧了渔民及其家人的损失。事后看来，这些投资是随后发生的重大社会经济动荡的催化剂。除了在多德卡尼斯群岛的岛民中激起大规模反抗外，这还需要对船员和社区结构进行修改，因为资本主义组织的新生模式标志着海绵渔业的发展。