A simplified production function framework is used to identify and analyze the international aspect of the maritime industries. The article focusses on four parameters – the market, the ship, the labour force and the shipowner – to discuss the development of the shipping industry. It is suggested that with the current technology, around 170 ships and less than 600 seafarers would have been needed to transport all the world trade in 1900. Finally, the international dimension of maritime transport is discussed.

中文翻译：

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不断跨越边界：海洋历史的国际性

一个简化的生产函数框架用于识别和分析海运业的国际方面。文章围绕市场、船舶、劳动力和船东四个参数来讨论航运业的发展。有人建议，以目前的技术，运输 1900 年的所有世界贸易将需要大约 170 艘船和不到 600 名海员。最后，讨论了海运的国际层面。