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Book Review: How the Old World Ended: The Anglo-Dutch-American Revolution, 1500-1800
International Journal of Maritime History ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0843871420944628j
Gijs Rommelse

networks with their new neighbours too? And might not a similar mercantile intentionality be seen in Phoenician civic weight standards and coinage, reflecting perhaps each city’s different predominant trading partners or other commercial realities, as well as an effort to stand out from their commercial rivals? Cultic malleability also would have served these artisans and traders well. Whether the Phoenician god Melqart (Greek Herakles, Roman Hercules or local Makeris) in Sardinia (p. 126) or the goddess Ashtart (Greek Aphrodite, Roman Venus or indigenous mother goddess) in Sicily (p. 84), an easily translatable deity would have been advantageous for a merchant-trader society in cultivating a safe middle-ground context for conducting trade or other commercial arrangements. Such openness to hybridisation might be the manifestation of a Phoenician attitude towards self that is more practical and oriented towards commercial and political ends than to visible reverence of an exclusive cultural identity. In Search of the Phoenicians is an ambitious intellectual project that delivers a full broadside to long-held notions of these ancient people, virtually no characteristic of which is left unscathed. Her examination of the presented evidence is thorough and methodical. She meticulously assesses the reliability of the evidence, especially the ancient writers and the sources they relied upon, in her quest to comprehend the ways Phoenician-speakers self-identified. Her final assessment in the validity of the hypothesis is convincing, even if, at times, some of her arguments seemingly hinge upon the most nuanced of interpretations. In the end, we are left with the quandary of what to call these people, if not ‘Phoenicians’: Levantines, Near Easterners, Syro-Palestinians, Tyrians, Sidonians or other metropolitan toponym, or, as Quinn does, Phoenicianspeakers? None of these is without its own problems and limitations. Ultimately, the terms Phoenicia and Phoenician will continue in use because of their familiarity and utility in providing instantly recognisable historical and geographical contexts. But perhaps Quinn’s greatest contribution with this book is that we no longer have any excuse to use them without caution and without recognising that they are modern descriptors and not true reflections of the ancient reality.

中文翻译:

书评:旧世界如何终结:英荷美革命,1500-1800

也与他们的新邻居建立网络?在腓尼基城市的重量标准和铸币中,难道不可以看到类似的商业意图,这可能反映了每个城市不同的主要贸易伙伴或其他商业现实,以及从商业竞争对手中脱颖而出的努力?邪教的延展性也会很好地服务于这些工匠和商人。无论是撒丁岛的腓尼基神 Melqart(希腊赫拉克勒斯、罗马赫拉克勒斯或当地的马克里斯)(第 126 页)还是西西里岛的阿什塔特女神(希腊阿佛洛狄忒、罗马维纳斯或土著母亲女神)(第 84 页),一个易于翻译的神灵都会在为进行贸易或其他商业安排培养安全的中间环境方面,对商人贸易商社会来说是有利的。这种对杂交的开放可能是腓尼基人对待自我的态度的表现,这种态度更实际,更注重商业和政治目的,而不是对排他性文化身份的明显崇敬。《寻找腓尼基人》是一个雄心勃勃的智力项目,它彻底颠覆了这些古代人长期存在的观念,几乎没有任何特征毫发无损。她对所提供证据的审查是彻底和有条不紊的。她仔细评估了证据的可靠性,尤其是古代作家及其所依赖的资料来源,以寻求理解讲腓尼基语的人的自我认同方式。她对假设有效性的最终评估令人信服,即使有时,她的一些论点似乎取决于最细微的解释。最后,如果不是“腓尼基人”,我们会面临如何称呼这些人的困境:黎凡特人、近东人、叙利亚-巴勒斯坦人、泰尔人、西顿人或其他大都市地名,或者像奎因一样,腓尼基人?这些都不是没有问题和限制的。最终,腓尼基和腓尼基这两个术语将继续使用,因为它们在提供可立即识别的历史和地理背景方面的熟悉度和实用性。但也许奎因对这本书的最大贡献是,我们不再有任何借口不谨慎地使用它们,也没有认识到它们是现代描述,而不是古代现实的真实反映。如果不是“腓尼基人”:黎凡特人、近东人、叙利亚-巴勒斯坦人、泰尔人、西顿人或其他大都市地名,或者像奎因那样,腓尼基人?这些都不是没有问题和限制的。最终,腓尼基和腓尼基这两个术语将继续使用,因为它们在提供可立即识别的历史和地理背景方面的熟悉度和实用性。但也许奎因对这本书的最大贡献是,我们不再有任何借口不谨慎地使用它们,也没有认识到它们是现代描述,而不是古代现实的真实反映。如果不是“腓尼基人”:黎凡特人、近东人、叙利亚-巴勒斯坦人、泰尔人、西顿人或其他大都市地名,或者像奎因那样,腓尼基人?这些都不是没有问题和限制的。最终,腓尼基和腓尼基这两个术语将继续使用,因为它们在提供可立即识别的历史和地理背景方面的熟悉度和实用性。但也许奎因对这本书的最大贡献是,我们不再有任何借口不谨慎地使用它们,也没有认识到它们是现代描述,而不是古代现实的真实反映。腓尼基和腓尼基这两个术语将继续使用,因为它们在提供可立即识别的历史和地理背景方面的熟悉度和实用性。但也许奎因对这本书的最大贡献是,我们不再有任何借口不谨慎地使用它们,也没有认识到它们是现代描述,而不是古代现实的真实反映。腓尼基和腓尼基这两个术语将继续使用,因为它们在提供可立即识别的历史和地理背景方面的熟悉度和实用性。但也许奎因对这本书的最大贡献是,我们不再有任何借口不谨慎地使用它们,也没有认识到它们是现代描述,而不是古代现实的真实反映。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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