Before the Tudors, England had no standing navy, and relied heavily on its urban corporations for shipping and coastal defence. Despite their significant naval contribution to medieval England, eminent maritime communities such as the Cinque Ports were notorious for indiscriminate piratical activities, especially at a time when the sea was largely a lawless area, and crime could hardly be differentiated from reprisals and private wars. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, Admiralty jurisdiction was not yet established, and royal intervention into domestic maritime disputes was limited and only resulted in short-term peace. While local factors in royal mediation have largely been ignored in the historiography, this article argues that the result of arbitration depended significantly on local cooperation. It focuses on the recurring royal mediation in the perennial conflict between the Cinque Ports (Kent and Sussex) and Great Yarmouth (Norfolk), and especially on a notably hostile episode in 1316. Two opposing petitions from the Cinque Ports and Great Yarmouth, produced and submitted for the purpose of arbitration, show how the two communities presented maritime disputes and voiced their grievances before royal authority. By contextualising and comparing these petitions, the article explores the political language used by the two communites and the political awareness behind it, which led to their different reactions to the royal proclamation of peace in the following months. The dispute between the Cinque Ports and Great Yarmouth in 1316 also illustrates the nature of political interaction between England’s maritime communities and royal authority in the early fourteenth century, a period when the English Crown’s interest in keeping maritime peace was growing.

中文翻译：

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1316 年发生争议的五港和大雅茅斯：海上暴力、皇室调解和政治语言

在都铎王朝之前，英格兰没有常备海军，在航运和海岸防御方面严重依赖城市公司。尽管他们对中世纪英格兰的海军做出了重大贡献，但五港等著名的海上社区因不分青红皂白的海盗活动而臭名昭著，尤其是在海洋基本上是一个无法无天的地区，犯罪与报复和私人战争几乎无法区分的时候。十三世纪末十四世纪初，海事管辖权尚未确立，王室对国内海洋争端的干预有限，只能带来短暂的和平。虽然在史学中很大程度上忽略了皇室调解中的地方因素，但本文认为仲裁的结果在很大程度上取决于地方合作。它侧重于在五港（肯特和苏塞克斯）和大雅茅斯（诺福克）之间的长期冲突中反复出现的皇家调解，尤其是 1316 年的一次明显敌对事件。 来自五港和大雅茅斯的两份对立请愿书产生并提交为仲裁目的，展示两个社区如何在皇家当局面前提出海事争端并表达他们的不满。通过对这些请愿书进行语境化和比较，文章探讨了两个社区所使用的政治语言及其背后的政治意识，这导致了他们在接下来的几个月里对皇家和平宣言的不同反应。