The judicial retirement age in the United Kingdom, which requires judges to retire before they reach the age of 70, engages the age discrimination provisions of the Equal Treatment Framework Directive [2000/78/EC] and therefore is only lawful if it is shown to be a ‘objectively and reasonably justified by a legitimate aim’. This article argues that the judicial retirement age is justified and therefore lawful under European Union law. In support of this argument, I outline a pluralist theory of age discrimination that consists of principles that explain when age-differential treatment wrongs people and when that treatment is justified. The theory includes the following principles: equality of opportunity, social equality, autonomy, respect and efficiency. After considering these principles, I argue that the judicial retirement age in the United Kingdom is justified by advancing equality of opportunity and social equality by increasing the turnover of judges and therefore increasing the number of vacancies for younger people and under-represented groups.

中文翻译：

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司法退休年龄的合法性与道德性

英国的司法退休年龄要求法官在达到 70 岁之前退休，这涉及平等待遇框架指令 [2000/78/EC] 的年龄歧视条款，因此只有在证明符合以下条件时才合法是“由合法目标客观且合理地证明的”。本文认为，司法退休年龄是合理的，因此根据欧盟法律是合法的。为支持这一论点，我概述了一个多元化的年龄歧视理论，其中包括解释年龄差异待遇何时对人们造成错误以及该待遇何时合理的原则。该理论包括以下原则：机会平等、社会平等、自主、尊重和效率。在考虑了这些原则之后，