I first provide an interpretation of the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo based on the Fourth Lateran Council, according to which God creates from nothing if and only if God creates everything except God Himself. I then show that this doctrine entails the modal problem that it is both possible and not possible that there is nothing at all except God, or alternatively, that it is both necessary and not necessary that there is something else besides God. I proceed to examine several proposals to solve the problem, and find them all inadequate. Therefore, I conclude that creatio ex nihilo violates modal logic and is necessarily false.

中文翻译：

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无中生有的模态问题

我首先提供了对基于第四次拉特兰会议的“从无创造”教义的解释，根据该教义，当且仅当上帝创造除上帝自己之外的一切时，上帝从无到有创造。然后我表明，这个学说包含了一个模态问题，即除了上帝之外根本没有任何东西是可能的和不可能的，或者说，除了上帝之外，还有别的东西是必要的，也不是必要的。我接着研究了几个解决问题的建议，发现它们都不合适。因此，我得出结论，creation ex nihilo 违反了模态逻辑并且必然是错误的。