Latin American regionalism is currently undergoing a profound crisis. Although the recent wave of regionalism of the early 21st century raised high expectations just a few years ago, it has suffered some important drawbacks since, as illustrated by the suspension of Venezuela from Mercosur in 2017 or the debacle of the Union of South American Nations in April 2018. Regional integration theories extrapolated from the European case struggle to account for the short cycles of integration dynamics in Latin America. Against this background, this article emphasizes two important aspects of Latin American regionalism that differentiate Latin America from other regions and explain some of the swift changes experienced over the last decades. First, because of the presidential nature of diplomacy in the region, integration relies more on the success of summits and joint declarations than on longer-term institutional diplomacy. Second, ideology is an essential factor of integration, as opposed to a vision of regionalism based primarily on material interests. Hence, the success and failure of regional integration are partly explained by the convergence of presidential ideologies among member states in a given organization. Based on an expert survey on the evolution of presidential ideology in 15 Latin American countries since the beginning of the 21st century and complemented by a structured discourse analysis, the article explores the importance of ideological coherence in the success – and lack thereof – of four regional organizations (the Pacific Alliance, Mercosur, the Andean Community and the Union of South American Nations). It also illustrates the salience of ideological arguments in presidential discourses on regional integration. These elements shed new light on the ideological factor in the current crisis of Latin American regionalism.

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当前拉丁美洲一体化浪潮中的区域主义和总统意识形态

拉美地区主义目前正在经历一场深刻的危机。尽管 21 世纪初期最近的区域主义浪潮在几年前引发了很高的期望，但此后也遭受了一些重要的弊端，例如委内瑞拉于 2017 年暂停加入南方共同市场或南美国家联盟在2018 年 4 月。从欧洲案例中推断出的区域一体化理论很难解释拉丁美洲一体化动态的短周期。在此背景下，本文强调了拉丁美洲地区主义的两个重要方面，它们将拉丁美洲与其他地区区分开来，并解释了过去几十年所经历的一些迅速变化。首先，由于该地区外交的总统性质，一体化更多地依赖于峰会和联合声明的成功，而不是更长期的机构外交。其次，意识形态是整合的一个重要因素，这与主要基于物质利益的区域主义愿景相反。因此，区域一体化的成败部分是由特定组织成员国之间总统意识形态的趋同所解释的。基于对 21 世纪初以来 15 个拉美国家总统意识形态演变的专家调查，并辅以结构化的话语分析，本文探讨了意识形态连贯性对四个地区成功与否的重要性。组织（太平洋联盟、南方共同市场、安第斯共同体和南美洲国家联盟）。它还说明了关于区域一体化的总统话语中意识形态论点的显着性。这些因素为当前拉美地区主义危机中的意识形态因素提供了新的线索。