Abstract It has long been acknowledged that Proto-Germanic *-dl- developed into *-ll- by a process of regular assimilation. Since long stops are regularly simplified in heavy and unstressed syllables in Proto-Germanic, some formations that superficially look like l-stems in this language are in reality to be derived from Proto-Indo-European instrumental nouns in PIE *-tl- and *-dʰl-. In this paper, I adduce a number of new cases focusing on those l-stems that have instrumental semantics, but also including some abstract nouns.

中文翻译：

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日耳曼语原始印欧乐器后缀的发展

摘要 人们早就认识到，原始日耳曼语 *-dl- 通过有规律的同化过程发展为 *-ll-。由于长停顿在原始日耳曼语中的重音和无重读音节中经常被简化，因此在这种语言中一些表面上看起来像 l 词干的结构实际上是派生自 PIE *-tl- 和 * 中的原始印欧语工具名词-dʰl-。在本文中，我列举了一些新案例，重点是那些具有工具语义的 l 词干，但也包括一些抽象名词。