Abstract The Greek lexicon is known for its significant proportion of words lacking a clear etymology. Previous attempts to explain these words range from the socalled “Pelasgian” hypotheses, which resort to an unattested satem Indo-European language, to Beekes’s (2010; 2014) non-Indo-European “Pre-Greek”. In this paper, we reconsider this long-disputed question, and adduce Latin and even Proto- Romance data to unveil a centum language which possibly served as the basis for borrowing in both Common Greek and, at a later date, Common Italic. We analyse several dozen difficult Greek and Italic words as borrowings from this newly identified language, for which we provide a set of phonetic laws that model its development from Proto-Indo-European. Important methodological strengths of our proposal include the systematic correspondence between Greek and Italic forms, the semantic plausibility of our etymologies, and their consistency with what is known about Proto-Indo-European word-formation patterns. Moreover, a computer implementation of these phonetic laws ensures its formal consistency and validates the chronological ordering we put forward. This is all the more important since most of our etymologies involve more than one of these phonetic laws, which is an additional confirmation of the plausibility of our proposal.

中文翻译：

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希腊文和斜体文的共同基础

摘要 希腊词典以其大量缺乏明确词源的词而闻名。先前试图解释这些词的尝试范围从所谓的“Pelasgian”假设（诉诸未经证实的印欧语系语言）到 Beekes (2010; 2014) 的非印欧语“前希腊语”。在本文中，我们重新考虑这个长期存在争议的问题，并引用拉丁语甚至原始罗曼史数据来揭示一种 Centum 语言，该语言可能作为借用通用希腊语和后来的通用斜体的基础。我们分析了几十个困难的希腊语和斜体词，作为从这种新发现的语言中借来的词，为此我们提供了一套语音规律，以模拟其从原始印欧语的发展。我们提案的重要方法论优势包括希腊语和斜体形式之间的系统对应、我们词源的语义合理性以及它们与已知的原始印欧语构词模式的一致性。此外，这些语音规律的计算机实现可确保其形式一致性并验证我们提出的时间顺序。这一点尤为重要，因为我们的大多数词源都涉及不止一个这些语音规律，这是对我们提议的合理性的额外确认。这些语音规则的计算机实现可确保其形式一致性并验证我们提出的时间顺序。这一点尤为重要，因为我们的大多数词源都涉及不止一个这些语音规律，这是对我们提议的合理性的额外确认。这些语音规则的计算机实现可确保其形式一致性并验证我们提出的时间顺序。这一点尤为重要，因为我们的大多数词源都涉及不止一个这些语音规律，这是对我们提议的合理性的额外确认。