Anniversaries have been much problematised in scholarship, not least in the present special number. But pragmatically, they are also a tried-and-tested way of engaging with diverse publics. In contemporary British Higher Education, such work is incentivised through the impact agenda of the Research Excellence Framework. The following contribution brings together three British-based colleagues in German Studies, who each reflect on their own practical experiences of capitalising on anniversaries. Henrike Lähnemann discusses commemorative activities and events 500 years after the Reformation, in which she uses translating, printing, and singing as historic impact-style activities to engage audiences in Oxford and beyond. Seán Williams turns to mainstream media, arguing that anniversaries are a useful hook for bringing German Studies content to wider audiences – even if the commemorative occasions seem, on the face of it, less relevant to those of us working in increasingly marginal disciplines in Great Britain. Stefan Manz is concerned with remembering the forgotten ‘collateral’ victims of the First World War during the centenary, particularly those Germans who were interned in camps throughout the British Empire. Manz shows that it is possible to connect the stories of the marginalised to large-scale anniversaries in order to challenge dominant narratives. Here, as in all cases, the key to success is cross-sector collaboration and adaptation to non-academic needs and contexts. Jubiläen sind problematisch, das betont die Forschung nicht erst seit dem vorliegenden Band. Gleichzeitig sind sie willkommener Anlass und erprobtes Mittel, die allgemeine Öffentlichkeit jenseits des akademischen Diskurses zu erreichen. In der gegenwärtigen britischen Universitätslandschaft wird es durch die ‘impact agenda’ des ‘Research Excellence Frameworks’ (nationale Forschungsevaluierung) gefordert und gefördert. Der folgende Aufsatz versammelt drei Beiträge, die diese Art der Wissenschaftskommunikation aus eigener Erfahrung reflektieren. Henrike Lähnemann diskutiert, wie das 500-jährige Reformationsjubiläum dazu einlädt, historische Propagandaund Verbreitungsmethoden durch Übersetzen, Drucken und Singen unter Beteiligung aller Zuschauer in Oxford und darüber hinaus zu erproben und kritisch zu hinterfragen. Seán Williams setzt auf Mainstreamkultur und öffentliche Medien als Aufhänger, um die Germanistik einem breiteren Publikum nahezubringen, selbst wenn auf den ersten Blick Jahrestage für die ‘kleinen Fächer’ in Großbritannien erst einmal nicht direkt relevant erscheinen. Stefan Manz geht es darum, die Erinnerung an die vergessenen ‘Kollateralopfer’ des Ersten Weltkriegs zu rekonstruieren, vor allem Deutsche, die in Lagern im gesamten Britischen Empire interniert waren. Manz zeigt, dass es möglich ist, die Geschichte von Marginalisierten mit großangelegten Gedenkjahren zu verbinden um dominante Narrative zu hinterfragen. Das Erfolgsrezept hierfür, wie für alle drei Fälle, C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters published by Editorial Board and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ANNIVERSARIES, THE PUBLIC, AND ACADEMIA 491 ist sektorübergreifende Zusammenarbeit und Anpassung an außeruniversitäre Bedürfnisse und Kontexte. Whereas the preceding articles in this special number examine anniversaries critically as historicisable events, contextualising them from a scholarly distance as phenomena about the past that are appropriated for an agenda of a politically and historically charged present, the following adopts a more practical perspective: we are concerned with the potential value of British-based academics ‘cashing in’ on commemorative culture. Our commitment to criticism is, for these purposes, an immanent and pragmatic one. In three commentaries, colleagues consider how they have capitalised on anniversaries in their work for the purposes of public engagement – and in all three cases, they have done so as pathways to research impact within the rubric of the UK’s Research Excellence Framework (REF) for 2021. ‘Impact’, should colleagues from outside the UK have escaped its rhetorical (and monetary) grip, is defined in this context as the extension of research beyond its original intellectual or abstract genesis and reception, and more specifically, ‘its effect on, change or benefit to the economy, society, culture or public policy or services, health, the environment or quality of life, beyond academia’. Taken together, it appears that impactful activities prompted by anniversaries are to the advantage of the discipline, at least from financial and reputational points of view. As such, our opinion pieces contribute to an ongoing conversation about changing professional practices in German Studies, a discussion that has moved from the coffee breaks to regular panels at the conferences of the Association of German Studies in Great Britain and Ireland year-on-year, and which has been debated in the present journal, too, since Sarah Colvin’s reflections on the state of the field in 2016. Anniversaries affect scholars of all but the most contemporary of subjects, and historians in the broadest sense. If we scan blogs and opinion pieces by public historians in particular, it is obvious that in recent years anniversaries have come to be perceived as more and more problematic. But it is unclear whether ‘anniversaritis’ or ‘Jubiläumitis’, as some have diagnosed the pan-Western cultural malaise that is an obsession with commemoration, is really caused by an actual increase in the number of anniversaries that are celebrated, or rather by our heightened sensibilities as scholars about the often restrictive and hackneyed choices of what and who is elevated to public memorialisation in mainstream commemorative 1 REF2021: Guidance on submissions, January 2019, https://www.ref.ac.uk/media/1092/ref-2019 ̇ 01-guidance-on-submissions.pdf. All links last accessed 10 July 2019. 2 Rebecca Braun and Benedict Schofield, ‘Doing German Differently: New Research Practices and Partnerships around the UK’, GLL, 71 (2018), 374–94; Sarah Colvin, ‘Leaning in: Why and How I Still Study the German’, GLL, 69 (2016), 123–41. C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters published by Editorial Board and John Wiley & Sons Ltd 492 SEÁN M. WILLIAMS culture. Simply put, the scholarly ‘memory boom’ of the past few decades is not necessarily a boon for academics of historical phenomena working in the wider public sphere – with museums or media organisations, for example. Scholarship has become more critical of memorialisation, through immense and intricate studies of remembrance that have been undertaken across disciplines. Public-facing commemoration is thus subject to greater intellectual scrutiny, even academic cynicism; and to embrace anniversaries in the public sphere may be to risk personal credibility as a scholar. At the same time, it is more important than ever that academic work has an effect beyond the academy, for public accountability; and for reasons we shall return to in a moment, the imperative of impact applies, above all, to minor or vulnerable subjects in British Higher Education – notably German Studies. In this context, anniversaries offer the most triedand-tested way to hook specific stakeholders and audiences within that vague monolith popularly and misleadingly called the ‘general public’, and to reel those parties in. In present-day commemorative culture, therefore, the roles of a dispassionate researcher and engaged academic can easily collide: the critics who use anniversaries to reach non-university audiences are complicit in the sort of memory work their peers and perhaps they themselves criticise, yet they also – thanks to their complicity – might have the chance to change the story. Little wonder, then, that the journal German History has devoted an issue of its ‘Forum’ section to the topic of anniversaries. In that substantive discussion from 2014, five leading academics considered the advantages and disadvantages of anniversaries for the profession, presenting a range of interpretations of the problem – and viewpoints. While Thomas Brady begins by lamenting the lack of dynamism in the ways in which historians have embraced commemorative events, regretting a ‘continuity in approach [...and a...] continuity in the anniversary calendar itself’, it turns out that he is bemoaning renewed attention to ‘a familiar set of dates, events and personalities’ within the academic discipline of German history – and which he believes can be rectified by commemorative conferences that decentre a set, central narrative for a given subject. The three commentaries that constitute the present article, by contrast, are concerned only with academic activity in the public sphere, rather than discussions within the discipline of German Studies. To be sure, the ‘Forum’ debate helpfully sketches the fault lines of academics’ attitudes towards such public work as well. Dan Healey expresses some concern that it dresses up scholars as ‘Punch-and-Judy puppets or surrogate 3 See e.g. the following blog posts from 2014 and 2018 respectively: https://public-historyweekly.degruyter.com/2-2014-11/vom-jubilaeum-zur-jubilaeumitis/; https://www.merkur-zeitschrift. de/2018/04/27/fake-history-geschichte-hinter-glas/. The DOI for these posts is: https://doi.org/10. 1515/phw-2014-1682. 4 ‘Forum: Anniversaries’, German History, 32 (2014), 79–100. 5 Ibid., 80. C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters published by Editorial Board and John Wiley & Sons Ltd ANNIVERSARIES, THE PUBLIC, AND ACADEMIA 493 entertainers’ – his nuanced, if a little idealised commitment to greater public understanding of history notwithstanding. By comparison, Tim Grady appears more relaxed, arguing that ‘the moment of h

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周年纪念、公众和学术界

周年纪念在奖学金方面一直存在很多问题，尤其是在目前的特殊数字中。但从务实的角度来看，它们也是一种久经考验的与不同公众互动的方式。在当代英国高等教育中，此类工作是通过卓越研究框架的影响议程来激励的。以下贡献汇集了三位在英国的德国研究同事，他们每个人都反思了自己利用周年纪念日的实践经验。Henrike Lähnemann 讨论了宗教改革 500 年后的纪念活动和事件，其中她使用翻译、印刷和歌唱作为具有历史影响力的活动来吸引牛津及其他地区的观众。肖恩威廉姆斯转向主流媒体，认为纪念日是将德国研究内容带给更广泛受众的有用挂钩——即使从表面上看，纪念性场合似乎与我们这些在英国越来越边缘学科工作的人无关。斯特凡·曼兹 (Stefan Manz) 关心的是在百年纪念期间第一次世界大战中被遗忘的“附带”受害者，尤其是那些被关押在大英帝国集中营的德国人。Manz 表明，可以将边缘化的故事与大型周年纪念日联系起来，以挑战主流叙事。在这里，与所有情况一样，成功的关键是跨部门合作以及对非学术需求和环境的适应。Jubiläen sind problematisch, das betont die Forschung nicht erst seit dem vorliegenden Band。Gleichzeitig sind sie willkommener Anlass und erprobtes Mittel, die allgemeine Öffentlichkeit jenseits des akademischen Diskurses zu erreichen。In der gegenwärtigen britischen Universitätslandschaft wird es durch die '影响议程' des 'Research Excellence Frameworks' (nationale Forschungsevaluierung) gefordert und gefördert。Der folgende Aufsatzversammelt drei Beiträge，die diese Art der Wissenschaftskommunikation aus eigener Erfahrung reflektieren。Henrike Lähnemann diskutiert, wie das 500-jährige Reformationsjubiläum dazu einlädt, historische Propagandaund Verbreitungsmethoden durch Übersetzen, Drucken und Singen unter Beteiligung aller Zuschauer in Oxford und.hiner darzuhinrüber Seán Williams setzt auf Mainstreamkultur und öffentliche Medien als Aufhänger, um die Germanistik einem breiteren Publikum nahezubringen, selbst wenn auf den ersten Blick Jahrestage für die 'kleinen Fächer' in Großbritannien erst einmal nicht direkt related erscheinen。Stefan Manz geht es darum, die Erinnerung an die vergessenen 'Kollat​​eralopfer' des Ersten Weltkriegs zu rekonstruieren, vor allem Deutsche, die in Lagern im gesamten Britischen Empire interniert waren。Manz zeigt, dass es möglichist, die Geschichte von Marginalisierten mit großangelegten Gedenkjahren zu verbinden um principale Narrative zuhinterfragen。Das Erfolgsrezept hierfür, wie für alle drei Fälle, C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters 由编辑委员会和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 出版 这是一篇基于知识共享署名许可条款的开放获取文章，该许可允许使用、分发并在任何媒体中复制，只要原著被正确引用。周年纪念、公众和学术界 491 是 sektorübergreifende Zusammenarbeit und Anpassung an außeruniversitäre Bedürfnisse und Kontexte。鉴于此特殊编号中的前几篇文章批判性地将周年纪念日视为可历史化的事件，从学术角度将它们作为过去的现象进行背景化，这些现象适用于具有政治和历史意义的当前议程，但以下文章采用了更实际的观点：我们是关注英国学者“兑现”纪念文化的潜在价值。出于这些目的，我们对批评的承诺是一种内在和务实的承诺。在三篇评论中，同事们考虑他们如何在工作中利用周年纪念日来促进公众参与——在所有三个案例中，他们都这样做是为了在英国 2021 年卓越研究框架 (REF) 的范围内实现研究影响。 '，如果来自英国以外的同事摆脱了它的修辞（和金钱）控制，在这种情况下被定义为超出其原始知识或抽象起源和接受的研究的扩展，更具体地说，'它对，改变或受益的影响经济、社会、文化或公共政策或服务、健康、环境或生活质量，超越学术界”。综上所述，至少从财务和声誉的角度来看，周年纪念日引发的有影响力的活动似乎对该学科有利。因此，我们的观点文章促成了关于改变德国研究专业实践的持续对话，讨论已经从茶歇变成了每年在英国和爱尔兰举行的德国研究协会会议上的定期小组讨论，并且自 2016 年莎拉·科尔文 (Sarah Colvin) 对该领域状况的反思以来，本期刊也一直在争论。周年纪念影响着除最现代学科之外的所有学者，以及最广泛意义上的历史学家。如果我们特别浏览公共历史学家的博客和评论文章，很明显近年来周年纪念日越来越被认为是有问题的。但尚不清楚是“周年纪念日”还是“周年纪念日”，因为有些人已经诊断出泛西方文化萎靡不振，即对纪念的痴迷，真正是由于庆祝周年纪念的数量实际增加，或者更确切地说，是由于我们作为学者对主流纪念 1 REF2021：提交指南中关于什么和谁被提升为公开纪念的经常限制性和陈腐的选择的高度敏感， 2019 年 1 月，https://www.ref.ac.uk/media/1092/ref-2019 ̇ 01-guidance-on-submissions.pdf。所有链接的最后访问日期为 2019 年 7 月 10 日。 2 Rebecca Braun 和 Benedict Schofield，“以不同的方式做德语：英国各地的新研究实践和合作伙伴关系”，GLL，71（2018），374-94；莎拉·科尔文 (Sarah Colvin)，“学习：我为什么以及如何仍然学习德语”，GLL，69 (2016)，123–41。C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters 由编辑委员会和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 出版 492 SEÁN M. WILLIAMS 文化。简单的说，过去几十年的学术“记忆热潮”对于在更广泛的公共领域（例如博物馆或媒体组织）从事历史现象研究的学者来说并不一定是福音。通过跨学科对纪念进行的大量而复杂的研究，奖学金对纪念变得更加挑剔。因此，面向公众的纪念活动会受到更严格的知识审查，甚至是学术冷嘲热讽；在公共领域庆祝纪念日可能会危及作为学者的个人信誉。与此同时，学术工作对公众问责制超越学院的影响比以往任何时候都更加重要；出于我们稍后将返回的原因，影响力的必要性首先适用，英国高等教育中的次要或弱势科目——特别是德国研究。在这种情况下，周年纪念提供了最久经考验的方式，可以将特定的利益相关者和受众吸引到被普遍和误导性地称为“公众”的模糊巨石中，并吸引这些各方。 因此，在当今的纪念文化中，角色冷静的研究人员和敬业的学者之间的冲突很容易发生冲突：那些利用纪念日来吸引非大学观众的评论家是同辈记忆工作的同谋，也许他们自己也会批评，但他们也——多亏了他们的同谋——可能有改变故事的机会。因此，难怪《德国历史》杂志在其“论坛”版块的一期专门讨论纪念日的话题。在 2014 年的实质性讨论中，五位领先的学者考虑了该行业周年纪念日的优缺点，提出了对问题的一系列解释和观点。虽然托马斯·布雷迪 (Thomas Brady) 一开始就感叹历史学家接受纪念活动的方式缺乏活力，并对“方法的连续性 [……以及周年日历本身的……] 连续性感到遗憾”，但事实证明，他正在哀叹重新关注德国历史学科中“一组熟悉的日期、事件和人物”——他认为可以通过纪念会议来纠正这些问题，这些会议将特定主题的集中叙述置于中心位置。相比之下，构成本文的三篇评论只关注公共领域的学术活动，而不是德国研究学科内的讨论。可以肯定的是，“论坛”辩论也有助于勾勒出学术界对此类公共工作的态度的断层线。Dan Healey 表达了一些担忧，认为它把学者打扮成“Punch-and-Judy 傀儡或代理人”3 分别参见以下 2014 年和 2018 年的博客文章：https://public-historyweekly.degruyter.com/2-2014-11 /vom-jubilaeum-zur-jubilaeumitis/; https://www.merkur-zeitschrift。de/2018/04/27/fake-history-geschichte-hinter-glas/。这些帖子的 DOI 是：https://doi.org/10。1515/phw-2014-1682。4 “论坛：周年纪念”，德国历史，32 (2014)，79–100。5 Ibid., 80. C © 2020 The Authors German Life and Letters 由编辑委员会和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 出版 ANNIVERSARY, THE PUBLIC, AND ACADEMIA 493 艺人——他的细微差别，尽管有一点点理想化的承诺，以加深公众对历史的理解。相比之下，蒂姆·格雷迪 (Tim Grady) 显得更加放松，认为“那一刻