Ruben Schwarzberg, the protagonist of the Haitian writer Louis-Philippe Dalembert’s 2017 novel Avant que les ombres s’effacent, is a Holocaust survivor who makes a transatlantic escape. The novel is a work of historical fiction that retraces the remarkable journey of an Ashkenazi Jewish refugee. Ruben is born in Lódź, Poland, in 1913, but, six years later, his family flees across the border to Germany after the massacre in Pińsk, when the Polish Army executed members of the Jewish community. The Schwarzbergs settle in Berlin, where the family prospers, and Ruben attends medical school. Yet the rise of the Nazis leads to renewed violence, and Ruben and his uncle Joe are imprisoned in Buchenwald. Somewhat miraculously, they are released after a former medical school professor intervenes on Ruben’s behalf. Through a series of chance encounters, Ruben makes his way to Paris, where he meets the Haitian poet, Ida Faubert, who informs him that the Haitian government has issued a decree that grants naturalized citizenship to Jewish refugees. In the fall of 1939, Ruben finds safe haven in Port-au-Prince, where he finally takes root. Ruben had long kept this story to himself. Yet, near the end of his life, the 2010 earthquake strikes Haiti, and Ruben feels compelled to speak of his past as a way to make sense of the devastation that surrounds him. Ruben’s journey is astounding, perhaps even to readers with knowledge of the Holocaust or Haitian and Caribbean history. Yet this is not the first time that Holocaust refugees have been depicted in Caribbean fiction or that a Caribbean writer has considered the legacy of the Holocaust alongside forced migrations in the Caribbean, from the slave trade all the way to the precarious journeys of Haitian “boat people” in the late twentieth century. As Sarah Phillips Casteel shows in Calypso Jews, such interdiasporic reflection abounds in both anglophone and francophone con-

中文翻译：

---

从布痕瓦尔德到太子港：在大屠杀中成为海地人：路易斯-菲利普·戴勒姆伯特的 Avant que les ombres'effacent

Ruben Schwarzberg 是海地作家 Louis-Philippe Dalembert 2017 年小说的主角，他是一名大屠杀幸存者，他跨大西洋逃亡。这部小说是一部历史小说作品，追溯了一名德系犹太难民的非凡旅程。鲁本于 1913 年出生于波兰的罗兹，但六年后，他的家人在平斯克大屠杀后越过边境逃往德国，当时波兰军队处决了犹太人社区的成员。施瓦茨伯格一家在柏林定居，在那里家庭繁荣，鲁本上医学院。然而，纳粹的崛起导致了新的暴力事件，鲁本和他的叔叔乔被囚禁在布痕瓦尔德。有点神奇的是，在一位前医学院教授代表鲁本进行干预后，他们被释放了。通过一系列的偶遇，鲁本前往巴黎，在那里他遇到了海地诗人艾达福伯特，后者告诉他海地政府已颁布法令，授予犹太难民入籍公民身份。1939 年秋天，鲁本在太子港找到了避风港，并最终在那里扎根。鲁本长期以来一直对这个故事保密。然而，在他生命即将结束之际，2010 年海地地震袭击了鲁本，鲁本觉得有必要谈论他的过去，以此来理解他周围的破坏。鲁本的旅程令人震惊，甚至对了解大屠杀或海地和加勒比历史的读者来说也是如此。然而，这并不是第一次在加勒比小说中描绘大屠杀难民，也不是加勒比作家第一次考虑大屠杀的遗产以及加勒比地区的强迫移民，从奴隶贸易一直到 20 世纪后期海地“船民”的危险旅程。正如莎拉·菲利普斯·卡斯蒂尔 (Sarah Phillips Casteel) 在《卡吕普索犹太人》中所展示的那样，这种流散之间的反思在英语国家和法语国家都比比皆是