In this exploratory state‐level empirical study for the United States, the authors estimate a pooled time‐series/cross‐section framework, with control variables for population size and population growth, for the years 2015–2016. Within this context, the least squares estimates lead to the following tentative findings: (1) homelessness is positively associated with the overall cost of living, on the one hand, and the average rent level, on the other hand; (2) homelessness appears to be an increasing function of the percent of the population without a high school diploma but a decreasing function of the percent of the population with a bachelor’s degree or a higher level of formal education; (3) homelessness is a decreasing function of labor market freedoms reflecting the degree of union density and union power, on the one hand, and excessive government employment beyond that needed solely for productive and protective services, on the other hand; (4) homelessness is positively associated with personal freedom from incarceration and arrest; and (5) homelessness is negatively associated with income, as higher income reduces homelessness. Based on these findings, preliminary policy implications are also provided.

中文翻译：

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影响无家可归者地理差异的经济和非经济因素：国家一级的探索性分析

在这项针对美国的州级探索性研究中，作者估计了2015-2016年的汇总时间序列/横截面框架，其中包括人口规模和人口增长的控制变量。在这种情况下，最小二乘估计会得出以下初步发现：（1）无家可归一方面与总体生活成本成正比，另一方面与平均租金水平成正比；（2）无家可归似乎是没有高中文凭的人口百分比的增加函数，而具有本科学历或更高水平的正规教育的人口百分比的减少函数；（3）无家可归是劳动力市场自由的递减函数，反映了工会密度和工会权力的程度，一方面，另一方面，政府的过度就业超出了仅提供生产和保护服务所需的就业；（4）无家可归与个人免于监禁和逮捕的自由正相关；（5）无家可归与收入负相关，因为较高的收入减少了无家可归。基于这些发现，还提供了初步的政策含义。