Historians of science have noted that Milton’s figurative reference to the “spotty globe” of Satan’s massy shield identifies Milton as an adherent of the New Astronomy promoted by Galileo. Understood in light of the techniques of surveying employed by Galileo, the same shield also speaks to Galileo’s use of parallax, whereby the scientist made his drawings more precise by viewing alternately from the vantage of the heights of Fesole or the valley of the Arno. Milton mentions these places in his epic simile of Satan’s shield: the science behind Satan’s arms in Paradise Lost reveals that Milton’s deep commitment to liberty informs his imagination of how God structured the pains of hell.

中文翻译：

---

“用火拱顶”：失乐园第一卷中地狱正义的热力学

科学史学家已经注意到，弥尔顿对撒旦巨大盾牌的“参差不齐的地球”的比喻性参考表明弥尔顿是伽利略提倡的新天文学的追随者。根据伽利略所采用的测量技术来理解，同一个盾牌也说明了伽利略对视差的使用，科学家通过交替从费索莱的高度或亚诺河谷的有利位置观察，使他的图画更加精确。弥尔顿在他对撒旦盾牌的史诗比喻中提到了这些地方：在《失乐园》中撒旦手臂背后的科学揭示了弥尔顿对自由的深刻承诺让他想象上帝如何安排地狱的痛苦。