On 17 March 2020, the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Commission (hereinafter, Commission), Ursula von der Leyen, announced further European Union (EU) actions in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Since the pandemic reached Europe, the EU has adopted a number of trade-related measures, including the issuance of guidelines for national border management, as well as export authorisation requirements. On 14 March 2020, the Commission adopted “Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/402 of 14 March 2020 making the exportation of certain products subject to the production of an export authorisation”, temporarily restricting exports of “personal protective equipment” to destinations outside of the EU. On 14 April 2020, the Commission announced that it would narrow down export authorisation requirements to protective masks only and extend the geographical and humanitarian exemptions. Governments around the world have been implementing trade-related measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some trade restrictive, but a number of countries have also called for the elimination of export controls and restrictions on essential goods. As the greater implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on trade are still difficult to assess, the emergency measures taken by affected countries already require legal scrutiny. At the same time, it must be noted that, as noted above for the EU measures, measures around the world are subject to change dynamically in view of the evolution of the pandemic.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行对贸易的影响

2020 年 3 月 17 日，欧洲理事会主席查尔斯·米歇尔和欧盟委员会（以下简称委员会）主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩宣布了欧盟 (EU) 针对 COVID-19 爆发采取的进一步行动。自疫情波及欧洲以来，欧盟采取了多项与贸易相关的措施，包括发布国家边境管理指南以及出口许可要求等。2020 年 3 月 14 日，欧盟委员会通过了“2020 年 3 月 14 日的委员会实施条例 (EU) 2020/402，使某些产品的出口须获得出口许可”，暂时限制“个人防护装备”出口到境外目的地欧盟的。2020 年 4 月 14 日，欧盟委员会宣布将把出口授权要求缩小到仅防护口罩，并扩大地理和人道主义豁免。世界各国政府一直在实施与贸易相关的措施以应对 COVID-19 大流行，其中一些是贸易限制性措施，但一些国家也呼吁取消对基本商品的出口管制和限制。由于仍难以评估 COVID-19 大流行对贸易的更大影响，受影响国家采取的紧急措施已经需要法律审查。同时，必须指出，正如上文对欧盟措施所述，世界各地的措施会随着疫情的演变而动态变化。