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Objects or Others? Epistemic Agency and the Primary Harm of Testimonial Injustice
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10677-020-10078-z
Aidan McGlynn

This paper re-examines the debate between those who, with Miranda Fricker, diagnose the primary, non-contingent harm of testimonial injustice as a kind of epistemic objectification and those who contend it is better thought of as a kind of epistemic othering. Defenders of the othering account of the primary harm have often argued for it by presenting cases of testimonial injustice in which the testifier’s epistemic agency is affirmed rather than denied, even while their credibility is unjustly impugned. In previous work, I have instead argued that such cases suggest that we need to enrich our conception of epistemic objectification in ways encouraged by Martha Nussbaum’s cluster analysis of objectification. Here I continue to make the case for this approach, and I consider the othering account in more detail. I focus in particular on Gaile Pohlhaus Jr.’s arguments for a version of the othering account in terms of the notion of derivatization , which turns on the idea that only such an account can enable us to properly understand the harms of testimonial injustice, in particular the ways in which it interferes with a subject’s epistemic agency and autonomy, and I’ll argue that such arguments should not sway us. Finally, I’ll further support my contention that it is illuminating and helpful to think of the primary harm of testimonial injustice in terms of epistemic objectification, though I will concede that the notion of epistemic othering may offer further helpful resources for understanding how subjects can be harmed by testimonial injustice.

中文翻译:

对象还是其他?认知能动性和证词不公的主要危害

本文重新审视了那些与米兰达·弗里克 (Miranda Fricker) 一起将证词不公正的主要的、非偶然的危害诊断为一种认知客观化的人和那些主张将其视为一种认知他者的人之间的争论。对主要伤害的他者解释的捍卫者经常通过提出证词不公正的案例来为它辩护,在这些案例中,证人的认知能力得到肯定而不是否认,即使他们的可信度受到不公正的质疑。在之前的工作中,我反而认为,这些案例表明我们需要以玛莎·努斯鲍姆对客观化的聚类分析所鼓励的方式来丰富我们对认知客观化的概念。在这里,我继续为这种方法辩护,并更详细地考虑其他帐户。我特别关注小盖尔·波尔豪斯 (Gaile Pohlhaus Jr.) 在衍生化概念方面提出的他者解释版本的论点,它开启了这样一种观点,即只有这样的解释才能使我们能够正确理解证词不公正的危害,在特别是它以何种方式干扰了主体的认知能动性和自主性,我认为这些论点不应影响我们。最后,我将进一步支持我的论点,即从认知客观化的角度思考证词不公正的主要危害是有启发性和帮助的,尽管我承认认知他者的概念可能为理解主体如何能够提供进一步有用的资源因证词不公而受到伤害。这开启了这样一种观点,即只有这样的描述才能使我们正确理解证词不公正的危害,特别是它干扰主体的认知能动性和自主性的方式,我认为这些论点不应该影响我们. 最后,我将进一步支持我的论点,即从认知客观化的角度思考证词不公正的主要危害是有启发性和帮助的,尽管我承认认知他者的概念可能为理解主体如何能够提供进一步有用的资源因证词不公而受到伤害。这开启了这样一种观点,即只有这样的描述才能使我们正确理解证词不公正的危害,特别是它干扰主体认知能动性和自主性的方式,我认为这些论点不应该影响我们. 最后,我将进一步支持我的论点,即从认知客观化的角度思考证词不公正的主要危害是有启发性和帮助的,尽管我承认认知他者的概念可能为理解主体如何能够提供进一步有用的资源因证词不公而受到伤害。我会争辩说,这样的论点不应该影响我们。最后,我将进一步支持我的论点,即从认知客观化的角度思考证词不公正的主要危害是有启发性和帮助的,尽管我承认认知他者的概念可能为理解主体如何能够提供更多有用的资源因证词不公而受到伤害。我会争辩说,这样的论点不应该影响我们。最后,我将进一步支持我的论点,即从认知客观化的角度思考证词不公正的主要危害是有启发性和帮助的,尽管我承认认知他者的概念可能为理解主体如何能够提供进一步有用的资源因证词不公而受到伤害。
更新日期:2020-03-14
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