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Learning from Failure: Shame and Emotion Regulation in Virtue as Skill
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s10677-020-10079-y
Matt Stichter

On an account of virtue as skill, virtues are acquired in the ways that skills are acquired. In this paper I focus on one implication of that account that is deserving of greater attention, which is that becoming more skillful requires learning from one’s failures, but that turns out to be especially challenging when dealing with moral failures. In skill acquisition, skills are improved by deliberate practice, where you strive to correct past mistakes and learn how to overcome your current limitations. A similar story applies to virtue acquisition, as moral failures will be a part of anyone’s life, and we will all have to learn from these experiences. However, despite the importance of being able to learn from our mistakes, this is very difficult in practice, given that failure of any kind can be distressing, and especially so for moral failure. The distress created by a recognition of moral failure often prompts responses of anger, avoidance, or defensiveness; rather than attempts to make amends and when necessary to work on self-improvement. The most potentially distressing response to moral failure is shame, as it is often associated with defensiveness. It is here where emotion regulation will be important to manage that distress, and I focus on the skill of emotion differentiation. I argue that emotion differentiation is a promising strategy for distinguishing the emotions we may experience in the wake of failure, including shame, and to encourage those emotions that motivate self-improvement. Thus, emotion regulation is important for virtue acquisition.

中文翻译:

从失败中学习:作为技能的美德中的羞耻感和情绪调节

由于美德是技能,美德是通过获得技能的方式获得的。在这篇论文中,我将重点放在该帐户的一个值得更多关注的含义上,即变得更有技巧需要从自己的失败中学习,但事实证明,在处理道德失败时,这尤其具有挑战性。在技​​能习得过程中,技能是通过刻意练习来提高的,在这种练习中,您努力纠正过去的错误并学习如何克服当前的局限性。类似的故事也适用于美德习得,因为道德失败将成为任何人生活的一部分,我们都必须从这些经历中学习。然而,尽管能够从错误中吸取教训很重要,但这在实践中是非常困难的,因为任何类型的失败都可能令人痛苦,尤其是道德失败。承认道德失败所造成的痛苦通常会引发愤怒、回避或防御的反应;而不是试图做出补偿,并在必要时努力自我提升。对道德失败最可能令人痛苦的反应是羞耻,因为它通常与防御性联系在一起。在这里,情绪调节对于管理这种痛苦很重要,我专注于情绪分化的技巧。我认为,情绪分化是一种很有前途的策略,可以区分我们在失败后可能经历的情绪,包括羞耻感,并鼓励那些激励自我提升的情绪。因此,情绪调节对于美德获得很重要。而不是试图做出补偿,并在必要时努力自我提升。对道德失败最可能令人痛苦的反应是羞耻,因为它通常与防御性联系在一起。在这里,情绪调节对于管理这种痛苦很重要,我专注于情绪分化的技巧。我认为,情绪分化是一种很有前途的策略,可以区分我们在失败后可能经历的情绪,包括羞耻感,并鼓励那些激励自我提升的情绪。因此,情绪调节对于美德获得很重要。而不是试图做出补偿,并在必要时努力自我提升。对道德失败最可能令人痛苦的反应是羞耻,因为它通常与防御性联系在一起。在这里,情绪调节对于管理这种痛苦很重要,我专注于情绪分化的技巧。我认为,情绪分化是一种很有前途的策略,可以区分我们在失败后可能经历的情绪,包括羞耻感,并鼓励那些激励自我提升的情绪。因此,情绪调节对于美德获得很重要。在这里,情绪调节对于管理这种痛苦很重要,我专注于情绪分化的技巧。我认为,情绪分化是一种很有前途的策略,可以区分我们在失败后可能经历的情绪,包括羞耻感,并鼓励那些激励自我提升的情绪。因此,情绪调节对于美德获得很重要。在这里,情绪调节对于管理这种痛苦很重要,我专注于情绪分化的技巧。我认为,情绪分化是一种很有前途的策略,可以区分我们在失败后可能经历的情绪,包括羞耻感,并鼓励那些激励自我提升的情绪。因此,情绪调节对于美德获得很重要。
更新日期:2020-03-20
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