On 22 January 2019, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe agreed the text of Resolution 2253: Sharia, the Cairo Declaration and the European Convention on Human Rights. The Resolution begins – on an uncontroversial note – by reiterating ‘the obligation on member States to protect the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion as enshrined in Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights … which represents one of the foundations of a democratic society’. It then goes on, however, to recall that the Assembly ‘has on several occasions underlined its support for the principle of the separation of State and religion, as one of the pillars of a democratic society’. This statement is not entirely non-contentious: it ignores the situation in several Member States of the Council of Europe and is based more on notions of laÿcitÕ than on the observable facts in countries such as England, Denmark, Finland and Norway that have state Churches. Unfortunately, this simplification and confusion set the tone for what is to follow.

中文翻译：

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欧洲委员会和伊斯兰教法：一个不令人满意的决议？

2019 年 1 月 22 日，欧洲委员会议会通过了第 2253 号决议案文：伊斯兰教法、《开罗​​宣言》和《欧洲人权公约》。该决议以毫无争议的方式开始，重申“成员国有义务保护《欧洲人权公约》第 9 条所规定的思想、良心和宗教自由权……它是欧洲人权公约的基础之一。民主社会”。然而，它接着回忆说，大会“曾多次强调其支持作为民主社会的支柱之一的国家与宗教分离的原则”。这一声明并非完全没有争议：它忽略了欧洲委员会几个成员国的情况，更多地基于以下概念laÿcitÕ而不是在英国、丹麦、芬兰和挪威等拥有国教会的国家中观察到的事实。不幸的是，这种简化和混乱为接下来的事情定下了基调。