The article tells the story of racial psychiatry in the Russian Empire. The context in which it has developed is analyzed in epistemological as well as political terms, and the discussion of such scholarly categories as “savagery,” “atavism”, or “survivals” and the language of race in ethnography, race science, and psychiatry is complemented with the discussion of rising mass politics. These two threads of analysis are connected within a broader context of the Russian imperial situation of the turn of the century, marked by human, cultural and administrative heterogeneity and the asynchronous social and cultural dynamics of different peoples, classes, and regions. The article explores in details how the Russian psychiatric profession made sense of the Russian imperial situation, and why a group of highly influential psychiatrists turned to the concept of race and the method of inter-imperial comparison as a solution to this situation’s complexities and ambiguities.

中文翻译：

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种族精神病学与“内心野蛮”的俄罗斯帝国困境

文章讲述了俄罗斯帝国种族精神病学的故事。它的发展背景在认识论和政治方面进行了分析，并讨论了诸如“野蛮”、“返祖”或“幸存者”等学术类别以及人种学、种族科学和精神病学中的种族语言辅以对日益兴起的大众政治的讨论。这两条分析线索在世纪之交的俄罗斯帝国形势的更广泛背景下联系在一起，其特点是人类、文化和行政的异质性以及不同民族、阶级和地区的异步社会和文化动态。文章详细探讨了俄罗斯精神病学界如何理解俄罗斯帝国局势，