The main goal of this paper is to contribute to the clarification of the dialectics between compatibilists and incompatibilists on free action. I describe a new incompatibilist position that has been neglected in the literature (although I remain agnostic between compatibilism and incompatibilism). I also provide a proper rationale for such a position. First, I present a justification for incompatibilism that is composed of an old idea and a new one. The old idea is the FRAP principle: freedom requires alternative possibilities. Compatibilists and incompatibilists alike usually share a Key Assumption about how the open alternative possibilities allowed by indeterminism are supposed to support the libertarian case: the existence of alternative possibilities should make a metaphysically relevant difference concerning the control and/or the authorship of the agent over the action. The other component in the justification for incompatibilism (the new idea) is the rejection of the Key Assumption. Why to preserve FRAP when the Key Assumption is dropped? The answer has three parts: (1) we have a strong pre-theoretical intuition in favour of FRAP; (2) a crucial anti-libertarian argument, known as the Luck Argument, can be interpreted as showing that FRAP and the Key Assumption cannot both be true; (3) the Luck Argument doesn't work when directed against FRAP itself (without the Key Assumption).

中文翻译：

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非决定论如何帮助自由行动的不相容论

本文的主要目标是有助于澄清相容论者和不相容论者之间关于自由行动的辩证法。我描述了一个在文献中被忽视的新的不相容论立场（尽管我在相容论和不相容论之间保持不可知论）。我还为这种立场提供了适当的理由。首先，我提出了一个由旧思想和新思想组成的不相容论的理由。旧的想法是 FRAP 原则：自由需要替代的可能性。相容论者和不相容论者通常都共享一个关键假设，即关于非决定论所允许的开放替代可能性应该如何支持自由主义者的情况：替代可能性的存在应该在形而上学上产生有关行为的控制和/或作者身份的差异。不相容论（新想法）理由的另一个组成部分是拒绝关键假设。当关键假设被删除时，为什么要保留 FRAP？答案包括三个部分：（1）我们有强烈的理论前直觉支持 FRAP；(2) 一个关键的反自由主义论点，即运气论点，可以解释为表明 FRAP 和关键假设不能同时成立；(3) 当针对 FRAP 本身时，运气参数不起作用（没有关键假设）。当关键假设被删除时，为什么要保留 FRAP？答案包括三个部分：（1）我们有强烈的理论前直觉支持 FRAP；(2) 一个关键的反自由主义论点，即运气论点，可以解释为表明 FRAP 和关键假设不能同时成立；(3) 当针对 FRAP 本身时，运气参数不起作用（没有关键假设）。当关键假设被删除时，为什么要保留 FRAP？答案包括三个部分：（1）我们有强烈的理论前直觉支持 FRAP；(2) 一个关键的反自由主义论点，即运气论点，可以解释为表明 FRAP 和关键假设不能同时成立；(3) 当针对 FRAP 本身时，运气参数不起作用（没有关键假设）。