Answering machine messages allegedly refute Kaplan's ‘classical account’ of the semantics of ‘I’, ‘here’ and ‘now’. The classical account doesn’t allow that a token of ‘I am not here now’ can be true; but these words in an answering machine message can communicate something true. In this paper I argue that the true content communicated by an answering machine message is extra-semantic content conveyed via the mechanism of ‘externally-oriented make-believe’. An answering machine message is associated with a game of make-believe whose rules prescribe making believe that the agent who recorded the message is speaking there (at the end of the line) and then; and it thereby conveys that the circumstance that would make the message fictionally true obtains.

中文翻译：

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我现在在这里，但当你收到这条消息时我不会在这里

据称，应答机消息驳斥了卡普兰对“我”、“这里”和“现在”语义的“经典解释”。经典帐户不允许“我现在不在这里”的标记为真；但是应答机消息中的这些词可以传达一些真实的信息。在本文中，我认为答录机消息传达的真实内容是通过“面向外部的虚构”机制传达的超语义内容。电话答录机消息与一种假装游戏相关联，其规则规定让人们相信录制消息的代理正在那里（在线路的末尾）说话，然后；从而传达出使信息虚构真实的情况。