The Problem Social presence theory (SPT) is the degree to which a person is perceived to be a “real person” in their computer-mediated communication or virtual environments. The level of social presence influences the quality of virtual interactions and outcomes. SPT has not been examined within human resource development (HRD) or virtual human resource development (VHRD); therefore, it is not known if increased social presence could improve virtual teams/organizations and online instruction. The Solution Designing online environments and practices to increase social presence could enhance VHRD within virtual teams, online instructional design, and educational settings. Application of Community of Inquiry (CoI), Social Presence Model, and SPT-inspired instructional design through Gagne’s nine events are discussed with recommendations to improve HRD/VHRD by fostering trust, communication, collaboration, personal relationships, and learning within virtual resources and teams. The Stakeholders The literature and application of SPT would benefit HRD/VHRD researchers, HR practitioners, educators, and team leaders/managers.

中文翻译：

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社会存在理论：对HRD / VHRD研究与实践的意义

问题社会存在理论（SPT）是在计算机介导的通信或虚拟环境中，一个人被视为“真实人”的程度。社会存在的程度会影响虚拟互动和结果的质量。在人力资源开发（HRD）或虚拟人力资源开发（VHRD）中尚未检查SPT；因此，尚不知道增加社交影响是否可以改善虚拟团队/组织和在线指导。解决方案设计在线环境和实践以提高社交影响力可以在虚拟团队，在线教学设计和教育环境中增强VHRD。调查社区（CoI）的应用，社会存在模型，讨论了Gagne的9项活动以及受SPT启发的教学设计，并提出了通过在虚拟资源和团队中建立信任，沟通，协作，个人关系和学习来改善HRD / VHRD的建议。利益相关者SPT的文献和应用将使HRD / VHRD研究人员，人力资源从业者，教育者以及团队负责人/经理受益。