The Babatha archive contains thirty-five legal papyri dating from 94 to 132 CE. They belonged to a Judean woman Babatha, from Maoza on the south-eastern shore of the Dead Sea, where date cultivation was a valuable cash crop. The Salome Komaise archive, also concerning a family of date farmers until the kingdom became the Roman province of Arabia in 106. These papyri provide a rich array of evidence relating to the life of Babatha, Salome Komaise and her mother Salome Grapte, and of other women, Judean and Nabatean, in this context. Particularly noteworthy is that women possessed considerable wealth, in cash and real property, and regularly acted as business-women, including by loans to their husbands. The papyri also reveal seizure of assets and frequent recourse to litigation by these women in defence of their rights. Although this was a patrilineal and patrilocal culture, the papyri provide striking examples of potent female agency, as women deployed and protected their wealth by every legal means.

中文翻译：

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死海的女性代理：来自巴巴塔和莎乐美科迈斯档案馆的证据

Babatha 档案包含 35 份可追溯至公元 94 年至 132 年的合法纸莎草纸。它们属于一名来自死海东南岸毛扎的犹太妇女巴巴塔，在那里种植枣是一种宝贵的经济作物。Salome Komaise 档案，也涉及一个椰枣农民家庭，直到该王国于 106 年成为罗马的阿拉伯行省。这些纸莎草提供了大量关于 Babatha、Salome Komaise 和她的母亲 Salome Grapte 的生活的证据，以及其他在这种情况下，妇女，朱迪亚人和纳巴泰人。特别值得注意的是，妇女拥有大量的现金和不动产财富，并且经常以女企业家的身份行事，包括向丈夫贷款。纸莎草纸还揭示了这些妇女为捍卫自己的权利而扣押资产和频繁诉诸诉讼的情况。